PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

PROPERTY OF ASHLEY E. WOOD All PowerPoints are meant to be used in conjunction with personal instruction and self-practice. They are not meant to be self-sufficient explanations of the grammar topics. For more instruction, please contact Profesora Madera directly. El Pretérito

Uses We use the preterit (el pretérito) to talk about actions that were completed in the past. This tense signifies that something is over and done with and that it happened a finite number of times. There is a lot of memorization involved in learning the preterit, so it is important to be patient with yourself and allow a lot of time for practice.

Forms Here are the endings to conjugate regular verbs in the preterit: Subject-ar-er/-ir yo-é-í tú-aste-iste él/ella/Ud.-ó-ió nosotros/as-amos-imos vosotros/as-asteis-isteis ellos/ellas/Uds.-aron-ieron yo + bailar = bailé

Examples of regular preterit conjugations No bebí leche anoche. Hernando habló de su hermano ayer. Escribimos cartas a nuestras madres la semana pasada. Ellos compraron muchos libros en la librería. Hablamos con nuestros abuelos durante las vacaciones de diciembre. Yo comí y mis padres comieron muchos tacos y burritos ayer.

-car, -gar, -zar rule and the y rule With verbs that end in –car, -gar, -zar, we need to make some changes when we conjugate them in the yo form. With –car ending verbs, we change the c to qu. Marcar = marqué, marcaste, marcó, marcamos, marcasteis, marcaron With –gar ending verbs, we change the g to gu. Jugar = jugué, jugaste, jugó, jugamos, jugasteis, jugaron With –zar ending verbs, we change the z to c. Comenzar = comencé, comenzaste, comenzó, comenzamos, comenzasteis, comenzaron With verbs that end in –eer and with the verb oír we change the i to a y when we conjugate the él/ella/Ud. and ellos/ellas/Uds. forms. Leer = leí, leíste, leyó, leímos, leísteis, leyeron Oír = oí, oíste, oyó, oímos, oísteis, oyeron Creer – creí, creíste, creyó, creímos, creísteis, creyeron

Examples of the –car, -gar, -zar rule Ayer, abracé a mi novio. La semana pasada, expliqué mi tarea de cálculo a mi madre. Toqué la guitarra el sábado por la noche. Empecé la escuela con una mochila nueva. Pagué la renta hoy. Llegué a tiempo para tomar la prueba.

More examples La clase de español comenzó a las 5:30pm. Los estudiantes oyeron la lección de la profesora. Ayer estudié para la clase de hoy. Mis amigos y yo jugamos béisbol el domingo pasado. Tú patinaste en línea la semana pasada.

First Set of Irregulars (no accents here) Ser/IrHacerEstarTenerDarVerDecirTraer fuihiceestuvetuvedividijetraje fuistehicisteestuvistetuvistedistevistedijistetrajiste fuehizoestuvotuvodioviodijotrajo fuimoshicimosestuvimostuvimosdimosvimosdijimostrajimos fuisteishicisteisestuvisteistuvisteisdisteisvisteisdijisteistrajisteis fueronhicieronestuvierontuvierondieronvierondijerontrajeron These two take a j before the ending. No i on the last form. Ellos dijeron la verdad. Nosotros trajimos un regalo para Ana. These two differ only in the first letter. Anoche vi la tele. No me diste el mensaje. Tener is just like estar without es. Ellos tuvieron un problema. Estuve en la universidad ayer. Ser and ir are identical. Hacer has a stem change. Fuimos a la clase. Ana no hizo la tarea.

Second Set of Irregulars (no accents)PoderPonerSaberVenirQuerer Andarpudepusesupevinequiseanduve pudistepusistesupistevinistequisisteanduviste pudopusosupovinoquisoanduvo pudimospusimossupimosvinimosquisimosanduvimos pudisteispusisteissupisteisvinisteisquisisteisanduvisteis pudieronpusieronsupieronvinieronquisieronanduvieron These three have a u in the stem. Julia pudo terminar la tarea. Los chicos pusieron todo en orden. Yo supe la respuesta en el examen. These two have an i in the stem (like hacer). Ayer no vine a clase. Tú quisiste mucho a tu ex-novia. Andar works just like estar and tener Anduve por el parque ayer. Haber hubo

Stem Changing –ir Verbs Stem changing –ar and –er verbs in the present tense are not stem changing verbs in the preterit. However, stem changing –ir verbs in the present are stem changing verbs in the preterit too. Only the él/ella/Ud. and ellos/ellas/Uds. forms undergo these changes.

Rules to remember how [-ir] verbs stem change The stem change is in two places only. 3 rd person singular (él, ella, Ud) 3 rd person plural (ellos, ellas, Uds) If it stem changed to two letters in the present, you only honor the first one. [e -> ie] in present is [e -> i] in the preterit [o -> ue] in present is [o -> u] in the preterit If it stem changed to one letter in the present, you stem change to that same letter. [e -> i] in present is [e -> i] in the preterit.

Stem Changing –ir Verbs Contd. Here are the two stem changes for –ir verbs in the preterit: Change e i (preferir, divertirse, sentirse, sugerir, pedir, despedirse, reírse, repetir, seguir, servir, vestirse, conseguir, sonreír) Preferir = preferí, preferiste, prefirió, preferimos, preferisteis, prefirieron Reír = reí, reíste, rió, reímos, reísteis, rieron Pedir = pedí, pediste, pidió, pedimos, pedisteis, pidieron Conseguir = conseguí, conseguiste, consiguió, conseguimos, conseguisteis, consiguieron Change o u (dormir, morir) Dormir = dormí, dormiste, durmió, dormimos, dormisteis, durmieron Morir = morí, moriste, murió, morimos, moristeis, murieron

Special Meanings in the Preterit Conocer in the present means to know or to meet. In the preterit, it only means to meet. Conocí a mi novio en una fiesta el año pasado. Mis padres se conocieron en FSU. Poder in the present means to be able to. In the preterit, it means to manage. (Implies that you physically tried) Pude sacar el vaso de la caja. Tú pudiste hablar alemán en Alemania, pero tu alemán no fue muy bueno. No poder in the present means to be unable. In the preterit, it means to fail after trying to do something. (Implies that you physically tried) No pude correr dos millas sin parar. No pudimos sacar una A en el examen de la profesora Fuentes.

Special Meanings in the Preterit Querer in the present tense means to want. In the preterit, it means to try. (Again, physically) Ellos quisieron entrar a la universidad, pero no fue posible. Quisimos ir al partido de fútbol, pero no tuvimos carro. No querer in the present tense means to not want. In the preterit, it means to refuse. No quise ir con ellos porque tuvieron perros. Mi hermano no quiso quedarse en la casa de nuestros tíos. Saber in the present tense means to know. In the preterit, it means to find out or to learn about. Mi madre supo de las mentiras que dije inmediatamente. Por mi amigo supe que iba a llover esa tarde.