Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring and Ray and Turkel Related Theories By Marilyn A Ray, RN, PhD, CTN-A, FSfAA, FAAN Professor Emeritus Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL 33431 Spanish Translation Accomplished by Ender Viloria Florida Atlantic University Computer Engineer

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring Social/ cultural Educational Political Health Care System/Institutional Culture of the Hospital Spiritual- Ethical Caring Legal Economic Society Physical Technological Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring

Theory of Bureaucratic Caring Turkel: Struggling to Find a Balance: The Paradox Between Caring and Economics Social/ cultural Educational Political Health Care System/Institutional Culture of the Hospital Spiritual- Ethical Caring Turkel & Ray: Relational Complexity Theory/Model Legal Economic Society Physical Ray’s Models of the Theory of Bureaucratic Caring (BCT) and Subsequent Theoretical Models Advanced by Ray and Turkel from the BCT facilitate our understanding of the study of caring in complex organizations. The models reveal the “meaning” of caring in context—the human-environment relationship. The models illuminate the holographic nature of caring—the whole, caring (spiritual-ethical caring), is in the part, the bureaucracy (physical, technological economic, political, social-cultural, educational, legal), and the part (the bureaucratic phenomena) is in the whole (spiritual-ethical caring). Thus, caring is transpersonal, transformational, and translational in the context of the human-environment integral relationship. Technological Ray & Turkel: Relational Self-Organization in Workforce Redevelopment Transtheoretical Evolution of Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring (with Dr. Marian Turkel)

Teoría del Cuidado Burocrático Cuidado Espiritual - Ético Social/ cultural Sistema de Cuidado de la Salud / Cultura Institucional de los Hospitales y Clinicas Educacional Política Cuidado Espiritual - Ético Legal Económica Sociedad Física Tecnológica ff Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring

Teoría del Cuidado Burocrático Cuidado Espiritual - Ético Turkel: Struggling to Encontrar un balance: La contradicción entre el cuidado y la economía Sistema de Cuidado de la Salud / Cultura Institucional de los Hospitales y Clinicas Social/ cultural Educacional Política Cuidado Espiritual - Ético Turkel & Ray: Teoría de la Complejidad Relacional / Modelo Legal Económica Sociedad Física Ray’s Models of the Theory of Bureaucratic Caring (BCT) and Subsequent Theoretical Models Advanced by Ray and Turkel from the BCT facilitate our understanding of the study of caring in complex organizations. The models reveal the “meaning” of caring in context—the human-environment relationship. The models illuminate the holographic nature of caring—the whole, caring (spiritual-ethical caring), is in the part, the bureaucracy (physical, technological economic, political, social-cultural, educational, legal), and the part (the bureaucratic phenomena) is in the whole (spiritual-ethical caring). Thus, caring is transpersonal, transformational, and translational in the context of the human-environment integral relationship. Tecnológica Ray & Turkel: Auto-organización Relacional en la Transformación de la Fuerza Laboral Transtheoretical Evolution of Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring (with Dr. Marian Turkel)