#7- Past Participles as Adjectives Descubre 2– Lesson 5.3

La Pregunta Esencial What are Past Participles as Adjectives in Spanish and how are they formed?

Past Participles as Adjectives The past participle is a verb form that is used to form adjectives. However, unlike the verb tenses you have learned so far - the present, the preterite, and the imperfect - it cannot be used by itself to tell who did something or when they did it. Let's take the past participle 'broken' as an example. You cannot say, 'I broken the window.' However, you can use 'broken' as an adjective and say, 'The window is broken.' Or you can use 'broken' along with the helping verb 'to have' and say, 'I have broken the window.'

Past Participles as Adjectives In ENGLISH past participles usually end in “-ed” (to turn- turned) However, there are also irregular forms (to buy- bought)

Past Participles as Adjectives Past participles are frequently used with the verb “estar” to describe the result of an action. To form most past participles of verbs in Spanish, you drop the ending of the infinitive (ar/er/ir) and add… “–ado” to the stem of -ar verbs “–ido” to the stem of er/ir verbs.

Past Participles as Adjectives What are the past participles for these verbs? Arreglar Esconder Pedir Cerrar perder Arreglado Escondido Pedido Cerrado perdido

Past Participles as Adjectives When the past participle is used as an adjective, be sure the ending agrees in gender and number with the noun it describes. La oficina está cerrada. (The office is closed.) Nosotros estamos perdidos. (We are lost.) Carmen está bien vestida hoy. (Carmen is well-dressed today.)

¡Atención! Caer (to fall) Creer (to believe) Leer (to read) ***The past participles of –er and –ir verbs whose stems end in –a, -e, or –o carry a written accent mark on the i of the –ido ending. Caer (to fall) Creer (to believe) Leer (to read) Oír (to hear) Reír (to laugh) Sonreír (to smile) Traer (to bring) Caído Creído Leído Oído Reído Sonreído traído

Past Participles as Adjectives ***As always, there are some verbs that have irregular past participles: Abrir (to open) Decir (to say/to tell) Describir Descubrir (to discover) Escribir (to write) Freír ( to fry) Hacer (to do/to make) Imprimir (to print) Ir (to go) Morir (to die) Abierto Dicho Descrito Descubierto Escrito Frito Hecho Impreso Ido muerto

Past Participles as Adjectives ***As always, there are some verbs that have irregular past participles: Poner (to put) Resolver (to solve) Romper (to break) Ver (to see) Volver (to return) Puesto Resuelto Roto Visto Vuelto

Práctica La ducha no funciona. Está ______ (romper). El horno está _______ (arreglar). Las tapas están ______ (pedir). Mi computadora está _______. (conectar) Nosotros estamos ________ (relajar). rota arreglado Pedidas Conectada relajados

Más Práctica. Write the following in Spanish The refrigerator is open. The offer is written. The meat is fried. The cake is done. The tickets are printed. The cats are dead. The microwave is fixed. The bathtub is broken.