EL TIEMPO PRESENTE ESPAÑOL 2

VERBOS A verb usually names an action in a sentence In Spanish, we call the verb form that ends in –r the infinitive. It means “to _______” In Spanish, the last letter or letters of the verb tell you who does the action. The verb forms that do NOT end in –r are called conjugations. To change the infinitive to a conjugation that tells who is doing the action, remove the –ar, -er, or -ir and add the appropriate ending.

VERBOS QUE TERMINAN EN -AR The endings for –ar verbs in the present tense that tell who is doing the action are: Yo -o -amos -as -áis -a -an Nosotros Tú Vosotros Ellos/ellas/ustedes Él/ella/usted

VERBOS QUE TERMINAN EN -ER The endings of –er verbs in the present tense that tell who is doing the action are: -o -emos -es -éis -e -en

VERBOS QUE TERMINAN EN -IR The endings for –ir verbs in the present tense that tell who is doing the action are: -o -imos -es -ís -e -en

¡PRACTIQUEMOS! Conjugate the following verbs for the given subjects: Infinitive Ayudar (to help) Subject (who does the action) Tú (you) Conjugation Infinitive Comer (to eat) Subject Usted (formal you) Conjugation Come Ayudas Infinitive Abrir (to open) Subject Nosotros (we) Conjugation Infinitive Cocinar (to cook) Subject Ellos (they) Conjugation Abrimos Cocinan

RAÍCES CAMBIADAS With stem-changing verbs, we drop the –ar, -er, or -ir from the infinitive which leaves our stem. Stem-changing verbs have a slight change in the stem and still follow the conjugation pattern of regular verbs Stem-changing verbs do NOT stem change for nosotros or vosotros Infinitive: Poder (to be able to) Stem-change: o => ue Stem: Remember the boot! Conjugations Yo Nosotros Tú Vosotros Él/ella/usted Ellos/ellas/ustedes Pod- Pued- Puedo Podemos Puedes Podéis Puede Pueden

VERBOS IRREGULARES CON “YO” Irregular “yo” verbs have a slight change only for the “yo” conjugation. Aside from the “yo” conjugation, these verbs follow the conjugation pattern of regular verbs. Infinitive: Hacer (to do, to make) Type of verb: -er Stem: Hac- Yo Nosotros Tú Vosotros Él/ella/usted Ellos/ellas/ustedes Hago Haco Hacemos Haces Hacéis Hace Hacen

CASOS ESPECIALES Ir – “to go” The verb Ir means “to go” and like the verb Ser it is an irregular verb. This means that it DOES NOT follow the regular conjugation pattern of other –ir verbs. The conjugation for Ir in the present tense is the following: Yo Voy Nosotros Vamos Tú Vas Vosotros Vais Él / ella / usted Va Ellos / ellas / ustedes Van

EL PRESENTE PROGRESIVO The present progressive tense tells that someone is in the process of doing. We form it by: Conjugation of estar (“to be”) in the present tense The gerund of a verb (“-ing” words in English) Estoy Estamos Estás Estáis Está Están Hablar Hablando Comer Comiendo Vivir Viviendo

VERBOS REFLEXIVOS We can use reflexive verbs in all tenses. Reflexive verbs are where the subject does the action to themselves. For example: Poner – “to put / to set” Yo pongo la mesa – “I set the table” Ponerse – “to put on” Yo me pongo mis zapatos – “I put on my shoes (on myself)” Not reflexive! Reflexive!

VERBOS REFLEXIVOS Reflexive verbs ALWAYS have reflexive pronouns that go with them. They are: Reflexive pronouns go before a conjugated verb or negative command and are attached to an infinitive, gerund, or affirmative command. Yo me lavo la cara. ¡No te laves la cara! Yo voy a lavarme las manos. Nosotros estamos lavándonos las caras. ¡Lávate las manos! Me Nos Te Os Se

¡PRACTIQUEMOS! Determine if the following verbs are regular, stem-changers, or irregular “yo” verbs. Then conjugate them for all subjects. Poner Irregular “yo” Dormir Stem-changer Pongo Ponemos Duermo Dormimos Pones Ponéis Duermes Dormís Pone Ponen Duerme Duermen Despertarse Stem-changer Me despierto Nos despertamos Te despiertas Os despertáis Se despierta Se despiertan