News Ombudsmen in Latin American press: History, present and future Flavia V. Pauwels Buenos Aires University (UBA) Argentina

Situation In 2012, at least 29 News Ombudsmen experiences are operating in Latin America, in newspapers and audiovisual media (especially those of a public management). Colombia, Mexico and Brazil: countries with the largest number of Ombudsmen in this region Absence of a regional organization and small number of Latin American News Ombudsmen in ONO (only 9). Latin America in ONO

Some governments put pressure on journalists (through legislation, litigation or other mechanisms). In some countries the journalists face criminal groups. You can see reports about this in: and There are economic difficulties in the media, journalists resistance to self-criticism and few participation of the public. Situation The task of News Ombudsmen is complex:

The first: Brazil (1989) 1)Newspapers Folha da Tarde O Dia AN Capital Correio da Paraíba Etc (San Pablo) 1994 (Fortaleza) 2)TV, radio and news agency 2004/2010 (San Pablo) 2007 (Brasilia) Radiobras ) Internet 2007/ /2010 (San Pablo)

Colombia (1990) 1)Newspapers Entre Vista (1990) Antioquia University Vanguardia Liberal (1992) El Espectador (1998) 2)Television (by law 335/1996) 1992/2008 (Bogotá) 1999 (Medellín) Telecafe Telecaribe Telepacífico Canal Uno City TV Canal Capital Canal (regulation of CNTV)

Bolivia (1990) (Santa Cruz) 1990: La Razón Grupo de Prensa Líder One Ombudsman for 8 newspapers in different cities ( ): El Deber El Norte La Prensa Los Tiempos Correo del Sur El Potosí Nuevo Sur El Alteño

Chile (1991) 1)Newspapers La Época (1991) 3) Radio 4) Journalists association 2010 (Santiago) 2) Magazine El Periodista (2003) (Santiago)

Argentina (1992) 2) Newspaper 1) Magazines3) Radio Defensor del Público (Public Advocate) Radio and Televisión He/She has not been elected yet by Parliament (Buenos Aires) 4) Law (2009)

Mexico (1993) 1)Newspapers Uno más uno (1992) El Economista (1993) Síntesis (Puebla ) Tabasco Hoy (Tabasco 2004) Noroeste (Culiacan ) 1997/ (Guadalajara) 2) Radio ) Television ) News Agency

Paraguay (1993) Newspaper Hoy (Asunción) 1993/1994

Ecuador (1994) 1) Newspaper 1994 (Quito) 2) Television 2008/2010 3) Draft law National media would be obliged to employ News Ombudsmen (newspapers, radio and TV) News Ombudsmen would be selected and financed by media themselves

Venezuela (1998) Newspapers 1998 (Caracas) 2004 (Caracas)

Costa Rica (1998) Radio Radioperiódicos Reloj (San José)

Panamá (2001) Newspaper (Panamá)

Guatemala (2002) Newspaper 2002/2006 (Guatemala)

Uruguay (2002) 2) Newspaper 1)Magazine Riesgo país (2002) 2008 (Montevideo)

Nicaragua (2008) 2008/2009 (Managua) Weekly newspaper

Iberian Peninsula Spain 1) Newspapers 1985 (Madrid) 1993 (Barcelona) 1995 (Gerona) 2010 (Barcelona) 1995 (Sevilla) 2006 (Madrid) 2008 (Barcelona) 2) Radio and television 3) Others Diario 16 (1990) Regió 7 (1996) La Voz de Galicia (2001) El Correo Gallego (2004) Antena 3 (1997)

Iberian Peninsula Portugal 1)Newspapers Record (1992) Jornal de Noticias (2001) 1997 (Lisboa) 2) Internet 2004 (Setúbal) 3) Radio and Television 2006 (Lisboa) 1997 (Lisboa)

Can News Ombudsmen do everything? ARGENTINA ECUADOR

Can´t News Ombudsmen do nothing? BrazilColombia

¡Mediator! Argentina Chile

Flavia V. Pauwels Buenos Aires University (UBA) Argentina Thanks for your atention!