Sr. Tappan The Present Perfect (del indicativo)
The Present Perfect The present perfect in English is a compound tense, consisting of two parts: the verb to have plus the past participle of any verb. To eat I have eaten We have eaten You have eaten You all have eaten He/she/it has eaten They have eaten
El Presente Perfecto (del indicativo) In Spanish, the Present Perfect is used with the present tense forms of haber (which are the English equivalents of to have) and the past participles. Haber + Past participle He Hemos HasHabéis + (-ado/-ido) Ha Han Los estudiantes han estudiado.
El Presente Perfecto (del subjuntivo) In Spanish, the Present Perfect of the subjunctive is formed by using the subjunctive form of haber and the past participle. Haber + Past participle HayaHayamos HayasHayáis + (-ado/-ido) HayaHayan Temo que los estudiantes no hayan estudiado.
Review of Past participle: Repaso del participio pasado In English, this is how we form the past participle: Regular past participles: To walk walked To close closed Irregular past participles: To sing sung To write written
El participio pasado for -ar verbs In Spanish, the past participle is formed by adding -ado to the stem of -ar verbs: Crear creado Dibujar dibujado Tallar tallado Desempeñar desempeñado
El participio pasado for -er/-ir verbs and -ido to the stem of -er and -ir verbs: Aplaudir aplaudido Esculpir esculpido Parecer parecido Prometer prometido
Stems ending in -a, -e, or -o: An accent mark is used on the past participle of -er/-ir verbs with stems ending in -a, -e, or –o: Traer traído Creer creído Oír oído
Irregular verbs in the past participle: DR. R.V. HEMPVAC D R R V H E M P V A (des) C (des) Decir dicho Resolver resuelto Romper roto Volver vuelto Hacer hecho Escribir escrito Morir muerto Poner puesto Ver visto Abrir abierto (des) Cubrir (des) cubierto
In general, the use of the Spanish Present Perfect parallels that of the English Present Perfect, except... El escultor ha esculpido la estatua. The sculptor has sculpted the statue. Ya he visto la función. I have already seen the show. ¿Cuál es la diferencia?
Place, order, gender, quantity… The past participle always appears immediately after the appropriate form of haber and is never separated from it. Pronouns and “no” are placed directly before the form of haber. Since the participle is not an adjective, you do not need to worry about gender or quantity. Ej. Todavía no le han dado el papel al actor. (no darle) They still have not given the actor the role. Ej. Todavia no se lo han ofrecido. (lo=el papel) They still have not offered it to him. (it = the role)