Morphology and FSTs Morphology is the study of the way words are built up from smaller meaning-bearing units, called morphemes. A morpheme is defined as.

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Morphology and FSTs Morphology is the study of the way words are built up from smaller meaning-bearing units, called morphemes. A morpheme is defined as the minimal meaning-bearing unit in a language. E.g. The word “gatos” has two morphemes: “gato” and “-s”.

Morphology and FSTs Two important kinds of morphemes are: Stems and affixes. Stem: is the main morpheme of the word, supplying the main meaning. Affixes: add “additional” meanings of various kinds. Affixes are further divided in: prefixes, suffixes, infixes and circumfixes. Prefixes: precede the stem. Suffixes: follow the stem. Circumfixes: do both precede and follow the stem. Infixes: are inserted inside the stem.

Morphology and FSTs Examples: English Spanish “unable” is formed by the prefix “un-” and the stem “able”. Spanish “niños” --> stem “niño”, suffix “-s” “damelos” --> stem “da”, suffix “-los”, infix “-me-”

Finite State Morphological Parser Features: morphological features specify additional information about the stem (e.g. plural, singular, masculine, feminine).

Derivational Morphology Derivation is the combination of a word stem with a grammatical morpheme, usually resulting in a word of a different class. Common derivations in English Nominalization is the formation of new nouns from adjectives and verbs. Suffix Base Verb/Adjective Derived Noun -ation Computerize (V) computerization -ee Appoint (V) appointee -er kill (V) killer -ness fuzzy (A) fuzziness

Derivational Morphology Adjectives can also be derived from nouns and verbs: Suffix Base Noun/Verb Derived Adjective -al computation (N) computational -able embrace (V) embraceable -less clue (N) clueless

Finite State Morphological Parser In order to build a morphological parser we need at least the following: Lexicon: the list of stems and affixes, together with the basic information about them. Morphotactis: the model of morpheme ordering that explains which classes of morphemes can follow other classes of morphemes inside a word. Orthographic rules: these spelling rules are used to model the changes that occur in a word, usually when two morphemes combine.

Finite State Morphological Parser

Finite State Morphological Parser Exercises: Identify the tokens that occur in the following expression (tipical of almost any programming language) and create REs that generate each of them: f(x)=3.1416*X08+sin(X08/2.5)-X08@231

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Spanish General Knowledge (Quiz 1) Busca el femenino de las siguientes frases: El presidente ecologista El psicólogo dormilón Mi cariñoso jefe El panadero alegre

Spanish General Knowledge (Quiz 1) Este texto periodístico tiene errores: hay adjetivos que deben ir después del sustantivo. Corrígelo. El presidente de G. ha emprendido un largo viaje diplomático por lejanos países, acompañado de su ministro de exteriores asuntos y de su joven esposa. Durante los últimos días se han producido ya numerosas anécdotas. En la inauguración de un industrial edificio, por ejemplo, alguien entregó a la esposa del presidente un redondo objeto que resultó ser un japonés reloj de pared. Pero también ha habido malos momentos. Cuando iban en el oficial coche a la inauguración de un nuevo edificio por una estrecha carretera de montaña, el coche del presidente sufrió un pequeño accidente y chocó contra una vacía casa.

Spanish Morphology For a detailed account of Spanish morphology consult the following page: Universidad de Valéncia, España http://mural.uv.es/morfesp/ http://www.profesorenlinea.cl/castellano/Analisis_morfologico.htm http://www.vicentellop.com/apuntes_gramatica/apuntes.htm