2. Pure and mixed substances.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

2. Pure and mixed substances. MATTER 2. Pure and mixed substances.

Classification of substances Mixed substances or mixtures are made up of two or more different substances.  Pure substances only have one component. 

Mixtures Heterogeneous mixtures: we can clearly distinguish the different components.  Homogeneous mixtures or solutions. We cannot see the different substances that make up a mixture. 

Homogeneous mixtures or solutions Liquid solutions. We usually speak of solutions for liquid mixtures. Gas solutions, like the air. Solid solutions or alloys, like steel which is a mixture of iron and carbon.

Separating components of a heterogeneous mixtures by magnetism Sand and iron particles

Separating components of heterogeneous mixtures by filtration Sand and water

Separating components of heterogeneous mixtures by decanting Oil and water

Wine distillation El bulbo del termómetro tiene que estar a la altura de la salida lateral del matraz. El agua que circula por el refrigerante enfría los vapores, haciendo que se condensen. Las gotas de vapor condensado caen en el vaso. Poniendo en el fondo del matraz trocitos de cerá-mica se evitan las salpicaduras.

Pure substances A pure substance has always the same composition and the same characteristics (density, colour, taste, smell, boiling point, etc) Types of pure substances  Compounds - They can be descomposed into simplier substances using chemical methods.  Elements - They can’t be descomposed. - There are 109 elements.

1. Heating sugar 2. Sugar gets brown and gases appear Sugar is a compound

PURE SUBSTANCES COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS They are classified in... They descomposed into... COMPOUNDS ELEMENTS The combine to give...

Living matter elements

HETEROGÉNEAS MEZCLAS HOMOGÉNEAS O DISOLUCIONES TYPES OF MATTER SUSTANCIAS PURAS

HETEROGÉNEAS MEZCLAS HOMOGÉNEAS O DISOLUCIONES COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS TYPES OF MATTER SUSTANCIAS PURAS ELEMENTOS QUÍMICOS

HOMOGÉNEAS O DISOLUCIONES HETEROGÉNEAS MEZCLAS HOMOGÉNEAS O DISOLUCIONES Se pueden separar sus componentes (sustancias puras) por métodos físicos COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS TYPES OF MATTER Se pueden separar sus componentes (elementos) por métodos químicos SUSTANCIAS PURAS ELEMENTOS QUÍMICOS

HOMOGÉNEAS O DISOLUCIONES HETEROGÉNEAS MEZCLAS HOMOGÉNEAS O DISOLUCIONES Se pueden separar sus componentes (sustancias puras) por métodos físicos COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS Moléculas Redes cristalinas TYPES OF MATTER Se pueden separar sus componentes (elementos) por métodos químicos SUSTANCIAS PURAS Libres Moléculas Redes cristalinas ELEMENTOS QUÍMICOS

HOMOGÉNEAS O DISOLUCIONES HETEROGÉNEAS MEZCLAS HOMOGÉNEAS O DISOLUCIONES Se pueden separar sus componentes (sustancias puras) por métodos físicos COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS Moléculas Redes cristalinas TYPES OF MATTER Se pueden separar sus componentes (elementos) por métodos químicos SUSTANCIAS PURAS Libres Moléculas Redes cristalinas ELEMENTOS QUÍMICOS

B A C D E Pure element (oxygen) Pure compound (carbon dioxide) Mixture of elements (oxygen and helium) Mixture of compounds (alcohol and water) Mixture of elements and compounds (air) A C D E

Manualidades en clase de ciencias: plastilina.

Manualidades: plastilina.