ANTE TODO Spanish and English use comparisons to indicate which of two people or things has a lesser, equal, or greater degree of a quality. Both languages.

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ANTE TODO Spanish and English use comparisons to indicate which of two people or things has a lesser, equal, or greater degree of a quality. Both languages.
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Transcripción de la presentación:

ANTE TODO Spanish and English use comparisons to indicate which of two people or things has a lesser, equal, or greater degree of a quality. Both languages also use superlatives to express the highest or lowest degree of a quality.

menos interesante más grande tan sabroso como COMPARISONS menos interesante más grande tan sabroso como less interesting bigger as delicious as SUPERLATIVES la / el mejor la / el peor la más alta the best the worst the tallest

Comparisons of inequality Comparisons of inequality are formed by placing más (more) or menos (less) before adjectives, adverbs, and nouns and que (than) after them. adjective más/menos + adverb + que noun

ADJECTIVES Comparisons of inequality Los bistecs son más caros que el pollo. Steaks are more expensive than chicken. Estas uvas son menos sabrosas que esa pera. These grapes are less tasty than that pear.

ADVERBS Comparisons of inequality Me acuesto más tarde que tú. I go to bed later than you (do). Mi hermano se despierta menos temprano que yo. My brother wakes up less early than I (do).

Comparisons of inequality NOUNS Juan prepara más platos que José. Juan prepares more dishes than José (does). Susana come menos carne que Enrique. Susan eats less meat than Enrique (does).

¡ATENCIÓN! Hay más de cincuenta naranjas. Note that while English has a comparative form for short adjectives and adverbs (taller, later), such forms do not exist in Spanish (más alto, más tarde). When the comparison involves a numerical expression, de is used before the number instead of que. Hay más de cincuenta naranjas. Llego en menos de diez minutos.

Comparisons of equality The following constructions are used to make comparisons of equality. tan + adjective + como adverb tanto/a (s) + singular noun + como plural noun

Comparisons of equality Este plato es tan delicioso como aquél. This dish is as delicious as that one (is). Ustedes probaron tantos platos como ellos. You tried as many dishes as they did.

¡ATENCIÓN! Note that tanto acts as an adjective and therefore agrees in number and gender with the noun it modifies: tantas cosas. Tan and tanto can also be used for emphasis, rather than to compare, with these meanings: tan so, tanto so much, tantos/as so many. ¡Tu almuerzo es tan grande! Your lunch is so big! ¡Comes tanto! You eat so much! ¡Comes tantas manzanas! You eat so many apples!

el / la / los / las + [ noun ] + más / menos + [ adjective ] + de Superlatives The following construction is used to form superlatives. Note that the noun is always preceded by a definite article and that de is equivalent to the English in or of. el / la / los / las + [ noun ] + más / menos + [ adjective ] + de Es el café más rico del país. It’s the most delicious coffee in the country. Es el menú menos caro de todos éstos. It is the least expensive menu of all of these.

Superlatives ¡ATENCIÓN! While más alone means more, after a noun or a definite article, it means most.

Superlatives The noun in a superlative construction can be omitted if the person, place, or thing referred to is clear. ¿El restaurante El Cráter? Es el más elegante de la ciudad. The El Cráter restaurant? It’s the most elegant (one) in the city. Recomiendo el pollo asado. Es el más sabroso del menú. I recommend the roast chicken. It’s the most delicious (thing) on the menu.

Irregular comparisons and superlatives Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form bueno/a good mejor better el/la mejor (the) best malo/a bad peor worse el/la peor (the) worst grande/a big mayor bigger el/la mayor (the) biggest pequeño/a small menor smaller el/la menor (the) smallest joven young younger (the) youngest viejo/a old older (the) eldest

Absolute superlatives In Spanish the absolute superlative is equivalent to extremely, exceptionally, super, or very before an adjective or adverb. Por ejemplo: Me gusta(n) muchísimo…

Absolute superlatives To form the absolute superlative of most adjectives and adverbs, drop the final vowel, if there is one, and add -ísimo/a(s). malo  mal-  malísimo mucho  much-  muchísimo ¡El bistec está malísimo! Comes muchísimo. The steak is very bad! You eat a lot (very, very much). difícil + -ísimo  dificilísimo fácil + -ísimo  facilísimo Esta prueba es dificilísima. Los exámenes son facilísimos. This quiz is exceptionally difficult. The tests are extremely easy.

¡INTÉNTALO! Escribe el equivalente de las palabras en inglés. Comparativos 1. (than) Ernesto mira más televisión ____ Alberto. 2. (less) Tú eres ____ simpático que Federico. 3. (as much) La camarera sirve ____ carne como pescado. 4. (more) Conozco ____ restaurantes que tú. 5. (as much as) No estudio ____ tú. 6. (as) ¿Sabes jugar al tenis tan bien ____ tu hermana? 7. (as many) ¿Puedes beber ____ refrescos como yo? 8. (as) Mis amigos parecen ____ simpáticos como ustedes. 1 of 2

¡INTÉNTALO! Escribe el equivalente de las palabras en inglés. Superlativos 1. (the most intelligent) Marisa es _____ de todas. 2. (the least boring) Ricardo y Tomás son _____ de la fiesta. 3. (the worst) Miguel y Antonio son _____ estudiantes de la clase. 4. (the eldest) Mi profesor de biología es _____ de la universidad. 5. (the most delicious) El pollo de este supermercado es _____ . 6. (the youngest) Carlos es _____ de mis hermanos. 7. (the best) Este plato es _____ del restaurante. 8. (extremely tall) Sara es _____ . 2 of 2