Science Vocabulary

acceleration aceleración A change in velocity divided by the amount of time needed for the change to occur; takes place when an object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction. El cambio en velocidad dividido entre la cantidad de tiempo que se necesita para que ocurre el cambio; se presenta cuando un cerpo acelera, decelera o cambia de dirección.

F a m Divide F by m to find acceleration (a)

F a m

F a m

0.45 a m

0.45 a 0.05

0.45 a 0.05

0.45 a 0.05

F a m

68.6 a m

68.6 a 7.0

68.6 a 7.0

68.6 a 7.0

displacement desplazmiento It measure the distance and direction from a starting point to an ending point. Lo que mide la distancia y dirección desde un punto initial hasta un punto terminal.

compound machine maquinas combinada It is a combination of simple machines Es una combination de máquinas simple

force fuerza A push or a pull; SI unit is the newton. Es un empuje o un halón; el newton es la unidad SI

energy energia The ability to cause change La capacidad de causar cambios

friction fricción The force that resists motion between two touching surfaces and always acts opposite to the direction of motion. La fuerza resistente al movimiento entre dos superficies en contacto y que siempre actúa opuesta a la dirección del movimiento.

kinetic energy energía cinética The energy an object has due to its motion. La energía que tiene un cerpo debido a su movimiento.

average speed (rate) rápidez media The rate of motion calculated by dividing the distance traveled by the amount of time it takes to travel that distance. La tasa de moviemento que se calcula dividiendo la distancia recorrida entre la cantidad de tiempo que se tarda en recorrer esa distancia.

D s t divide D by t to find speed (s)

D r t divide D by t to find rate (r)

Inclined Plane It is a flat surface that is higher on one end. You can use this machine to move an object to a lower or higher place Makes the work of moving things easier. You would need less energy and force to move objects with it.

inertia inercia The tendency to resist a change in motion. La tendencia a resistir un cambio en movimiento.

instaneous speed rapidez instantánea The speed of an object at any given time. La raidez de un cuerpo en cualquier momento dado.

gravity gravedad The pull that all objects with mass exert other matter el halón que todo cuerpo con massa ejerce sobre otro cuerpo

potential energy energía potencial The energy stored in an object due to its position. La energía almacenada en un cuerpo debido a su posición.

Lever It is a board or bar that rests on a turning point. This turning point is called the fulcrum. An object that a lever moves is called the load. The closer the object is to the fulcrum, the easier it is to move.

mechanical advantage ventaja mecánica A number of times a machine multiples the effort force you apply to it. El número de veces que una máquina multiplica la fuerza de esfuerzo que se le aplica.

(Newton's) first law of motion primera ley del movimiento It states that an object at rest will remain at rest or moving in a straight line at a constant speed unless a force acts on it. Se establece que un cuerpo en reposo permanece en reposo o se mueve en linea recta a una velocidad constante a menos que una fuerza actúe sobre él.

(Newton's) second law of motion segunda ley del movimiento It states that net force acting on an object causes the object to accelerate in the direction of the force. Se establece que la fuerza neta que actúa sobre un cuerpo el la causa de que tal cuerpo acelere en la dirección de la fuerza.

(Newton's) third law of motion tercera ley del movimiento It states that when a force is applied on an object, an equal force is applied by the object in the opposite direction. Se establece que cuando se le aplica una fuerza a un cerpo, éste aplica una fuerza semejante en dirección contraria.

Newton's Third Law of Motion This law states that when an object exerts a force on a second object the second exerts an equal force on the first object, but in the opposite direction. Person 1 is pushing person 2 with say a force of 150 newtons. Even though person 2 doesn't budge she is also pushing back 150 newtons. If she didn't she would topple over.

Try this: Get a friend and two wheel carts Try this: Get a friend and two wheel carts. Sit on it so you're facing each other, palm against palm like in figure 4. Mark where you are starting from, the space between the two carts. One of you push off. How far did you travel? Did you both go the same distance even though only one of you pushed off?

Pulley It is made up of a wheel and a rope. The rope fits on the groove of the wheel. One part of the rope is attached to the load. When you pull on one side of the it, the wheel turns and the load will move. This device allows you to move loads up, down, or sideways.

Screw It is made from another simple machine. It is actually an inclined plane that winds around itself. It has ridges and is not smooth like a nail. Some of them are used to lower and raise things. They are also used to hold objects together.

simple machine máquina simple A device that makes work easier with only one movement; can change the size or direction of a force, and includes the wedge, screw, lever, wheel and axle, pulley, and inclined plane. Lo que dispositivo que facilita el trabajo con un moviemento solamente; puede cambiar el tamaño o la dirección de una fuerza; entre este tipo de máquina se incluyen la cuña, el tornillo, la palanca, la rueda y eje, la polea y el plano inclinado.

velocity velocidad It includes speed and direction of a moving body; average velocity can be calculated by dividing displacement by time. La rapidez y dirección de un cuerpo en movimiento; la velocidad promedio se puede calcular dividiendo el desplazamiento entre el tiempo.

Wedge It is used to push an object(s) apart. It is made up of two inclined planes. These planes meet and form a sharp edge. The edge can split things apart.

Wheel and Axle It has an axle which is a rod that goes through the wheel. The axle lets the wheel turn. Together, these devices allow things to be moved easily from place to place.

work trabajo It is done when an applied force causes an object to move in the direction of the force. Lo que se lleva cabo cuando una fuerza aplicada causa el movimiento de una cuerpo en la dirección de la fuerza.