The Present Subjunctive Mood

The Indicative Mood l Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

The Indicative Mood l Yo aprendo español para mi viaje a España. l I am learning Spanish for my trip to Spain.

The Subjunctive Mood l Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood. It is still present tense.

The Subjunctive Mood l We use it to say what one person wants, suggests, recommends, advises, or demands that someone else do.

The Subjunctive Mood l A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two halves (clauses) connected by the word que.

The Subjunctive Mood l The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, demand, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

The Subjunctive l Yo quiero que tú respires lentamente. l I want you to breathe slowly.

The Subjunctive l Yo sugiero que tú bebas agua antes de correr. l I suggest that you drink water before running.

The Subjunctive l El entrenador exige que los atletas estiren los músculos. l The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.

2 Halves(Clauses) Ella sugiere que yo evite la grasa. Independent clause (stands on its own) Subject > special verb indicating influence or emotion Separated by the word “que” Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own) Begins with the word “que.” Indicative Verb Subjunctive Verb

The Subjunctive l You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as es necesario…es bueno…and es importante…, followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive.

The Subjunctive l Es necesario que tú hagas ejercicio. l It’s necessary that you exercise. l Es importante que los jóvenes coman bien. l It’s important that young people eat well.

FORMATION l To form the subjunctive, use the yo form of the verb in the present indicative and drop the –o. Then apply the opposite vowel (the subjunctive endings).

-AR SUBJUNCTIVE ENDINGS -e -es -e -emos -éis -en

-ER AND –IR SUBJUNCTIVE ENDINGS -a -as -a -amos -áis -an

EL SUBJUNTIVO Verbs with Spelling-Changes

Spelling-changing verbs in the subjunctive buscar buscobusque pagarpagopague cruzarcruzocruce recogerrecojo recoja

EL SUBJUNTIVO VERBOS IRREGULARES

20 S er I r D ar E star S aber S er I r D ar E star S aber dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan Verbos Irregulares - SIDES

Verbs with spelling changes l Verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have the usual spelling changes in order to maintain the original sound of the infinitive.

EL SUBJUNTIVO STEM-CHANGING VERBS

-AR and –ER Stem-changing Verbs No stem change in nosotros/vosotros e  ie pensar piense pensemos pienses penséis piense piensen o -  ue mover mueva movamos muevas mováis mueva muevan u -  ue jugar juegue juguemos juegues juguéis juegue jueguen

-IR Stem-changing Verbs TWO Stem-changes dormir duerma durmamos duermas durmáis duerma duerman mentir mienta mintamos mientas mintáis mienta mientan o >ue > u e > ie > i

E  I Stem-changing verbs ONE stem Servir (e  i) sirva sirvamos sirvas sirváis sirva sirvan Pedir (e  i) pida pidamos pidas pidáis pida pidan

FIN