Avancemos 3 Unidad 3 Lección 2 Social Awareness Vocabulary Present Subjunctive Conjugation Impersonal Phrases
Vocabulario
For each set of vocabulary words on our list, we’ll ask two questions: ¿Qué sabes? (What do you already know?) ¿Qué puedes adivinar? (What can you guess?) Then we’ll work together to fill in the ones we couldn’t guess.
La Conciencia Social El/la ciudadano/a El compromiso La conciencia social Encargarse de La irresponsabilidad Penalizar La política El principio Respetar Satisfacer La sociedad La unidad
La Conciencia Social El/la ciudadano/a El compromiso La conciencia social Encargarse de La irresponsabilidad Penalizar La política El principio Respetar Satisfacer La sociedad La unidad Citizen Commitment Social awareness To take charge of Irresponsibility To penalize Politics Principle To respect To satisfy Society Unity
La Persistencia La advertencia El error El fracaso La mejora El obstáculo El sufrimiento
La Persistencia La advertencia El error El fracaso La mejora El obstáculo El sufrimiento Warning Mistake, error Failure Improvement Obstacle Suffering
La Persistencia Advertir (ir) Cometer Emprender Insistir Luchar Persistir Progresar Prosperar Seguir adelante Solucionar Superar
La Persistencia Advertir (ir) Cometer Emprender Insistir Luchar Persistir Progresar Prosperar Seguir adelante Solucionar Superar To warn To make (a mistake) To undertake To insist To struggle To persist To progress To prosper To continue, carry on To solve To overcome
Los Inventos Comercializar Invertir (ie) Novedoso/a La patente El producto
Los Inventos Comercializar Invertir (ie) Novedoso/a La patente El producto To market To invest Novel, original Patent Product
Las Opiniones Criticar Evaluar Es imprescindible que Es raro que Por un lado Por otro lado
Las Opiniones Criticar Evaluar Es imprescindible que Es raro que Por un lado Por otro lado To criticize To evaluate It’s imperative that… It’s strange that… On one hand… On the other hand…
Present Subjunctive A Spanish mood
Idea Grande Sometimes we have feelings and opinions about situations we can’t control. It’s good for you to exercise every day. I hope that you study tonight. I doubt they know where I live.
Incertidumbre Just because it’s good to exercise, does it mean we will? NO Just because I hope you study, does it mean you will? NO Just because I doubt they know where I live, does that mean they don’t? NO That kind of sentence gives us a sense of uncertainty. And in Spanish that uncertainty is called the SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Conjugation Of the Present Subjunctive
Conjugación When you conjugate the uncertain verb (you exercise, you study, they know) the verb will be in the present subjunctive. These are the three steps to conjugate it: Start with the YO form in the PRESENT tense Drop the O Switch to the OPPOSITE ENDING (AR E ER/IR A)
Verbos Regulares BAILAR (to dance) BAILEBAILEMOS BAILESBAILÉIS BAILEBAILEN TENER (to have) TENGATENGAMOS TENGASTENGÁIS TENGATENGAN If an –AR or -ER verb has an E IE or O UE stem change, it will stem change only in the boot in the present subjunctive.
Verbos de Bota PENSAR (to think) PIENSEPENSEMOS PIENSESPENSÉIS PIENSEPIENSEN PODER (to be able) PUEDAPODAMOS PUEDASPODÁIS PUEDAPUEDAN If an –AR or -ER verb has an E IE or O UE stem change, it will stem change only in the boot in the present subjunctive.
Verbos de Bota MENTIR (to lie) MIENTAMINTAMOS MIENTASMINTÁIS MIENTAMIENTAN MORIR (to die) MUERAMURAMOS MUERASMURÁIS MUERAMUERAN If an –IR verb has an E IE or O UE stem change, it will have an E I or O U stem change outside of the boot.
Verbos de Car Gar Zar SACAR (to get) SAQUESAQUEMOS SAQUESSAQUÉIS SAQUESAQUEN PAGAR (to pay) PAGUEPAGUEMOS PAGUESPAGUÉIS PAGUEPAGUEN If a verb ends in –CAR, -GAR, or –ZAR, it will have a spelling change to maintain the original consonant sounds: CRUZAR (to cross) CRUCECRUCEMOS CRUCESCRUCÉIS CRUCECRUCEN
Verbos Irregulares DAR (to give) DÉDEMOS DESDEIS DÉDEN ESTAR (to be) ESTÉESTEMOS ESTÉSESTÉIS ESTÉESTÉN There are six verbs for which the present tense yo form doesn’t end in the letter O. So their present subjunctive forms are irregular. IR (to go) VAYAVAYAMOS VAYASVAYÁIS VAYAVAYAN
Verbos Irregulares SABER (to know) SEPASEPAMOS SEPASSEPÁIS SEPASEPAN SER (to be) SEASEAMOS SEASSEÁIS SEASEAN There are six verbs for which the present tense yo form doesn’t end in the letter O. So their present subjunctive forms are irregular. HABER HAYA (there is / there are)
Impersonal Phrases With the Present Subjunctive
Idea Grande One of the ways we create the subjunctive mood is by using IMPERSONAL phrases that express opinions. Here are some examples:
Frases Impersonales Es bueno que… It’s good that Es importante que… It’s important that Es imposible que… It’s impossible that Es imprescindible que… It’s imperative that Es interesante que… It’s interesting that Es malo que… It’s bad that Es necesario que… It’s necessary that Es posible que… It’s possible that Es probable que… It’s likely that Es raro que… It’s strange that Es urgente que… It’s urgant that Ojalá que… Wouldn’t it be great if
El Médico Doctors give us lots of advice that we may or may not follow – translate these subjunctive doctor’s orders. Es bueno que tú comas muchas verduras. Es mejor que Fernando haga ejercicios. Es importante que ustedes tomen las vitaminas. Es urgente que nosotros tengamos una cita cada año.
El Médico It’s good for you to eat lots of vegetables. It’s better that Fernando exercises. It’s important that you all take vitamins. It’s urgent that we have an appointment each year.
El Consejero Now you give the advice! Several friends come to you with problems. Write back your opinions about what they should do using an impersonal phrase and present subjunctive. Carlos tiene una mala nota en las matemáticas. El gato de Paco y Pepe murió. Los padres de Fernanda luchan mucho. Carla se encarga de un proyecto de acción social.