estar + participo ser + participo Chapter 2, part 1

Estar + Participle The past participle is frequently used with estar to describe conditions that are the result of previous action. The past participle agrees with the subject in gender and number. Examples: El pintor está sentado. The painter is seated. sentado matches pintor because he is the one who is seated Las paredes estaban pintadas. The walls were painted. pintadas matches paredes because the walls are what was painted.

So is a participle a verb or an adjective?!?!

Estar + Participle Format in Spanish Form of Estar “is, are, was, were” Past participle +

How to create a past participle To form past participle, simply drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add –ado (for –ar verbs) –ido (for -er, -ir verbs) Examples: ***this is NOT the same as the present participles hablando, comiendo, and viviendo. (hablando= talking while hablado= spoken) sentar -ar + ado = sentado seated encender -er + ido = encendido turned on, burning dormir -ir + ido = dormido asleep

When are past participles used? Most past participles can be used as adjectives. BUT THEY AREN’T ADJECTIVES! Like adjectives they agree in gender and number with the nouns that they modify.

Some participles are irregular Infinitivepast participlemeaning abrirabiertoopen romperrotobroken ponerpuestoput hacerhechodone decirdichosaid/spoken vervistoseen resolverresueltoresolved morirmuertodead escribirescritowritten volvervueltoreturned descubrirdescubiertouncovered cubrircubiertocovered

Try to translate the following sentences that use estar + particple 1.Yo estoy sentado. 2.Las puertas estaban abiertas. 3.Ellos estaban cansados. 4.El perro estaba muerto. 5.La mesa está rota.

Answers 1.Yo estoy sentado. I was seated. 2.Las puertas estaban abiertas. The doors were open. 3.Ellos estaban cansados. They were tired. 4.El perro estaba muerto. The dog was dead. 5.La mesa está rota. The table is broken.

Complete the sentences using estar + past participle 1. La cuenta ________________________. The bill is paid. 2. ¿Está la puerta________________________? Is the door open? 3. Las piernas de mi hermana________________________. My sister’s legs are broken. 4. El cine ________________________. The movie theatre is closed. 5. Los ensayos ________________________. The essays are written.

Answers 1. La cuenta _____está pagada__________. The bill is paid. 2. ¿Está la puerta________ está abierta___________? Is the door open? 3. Las piernas de mi hermana_______ están rotas ____________. My sister’s legs are broken. 4. El cine ________ está cerrado________________. The movie theatre is closed. 5. Los ensayos __________ están escritos______________. The essays are written.

Create your own sentences now using estar + participle!

Answers

We use ser + past participle to speak in the “passive voice” Instead of saying “Picasso painted Guernica in 1937,” you can say “Guernica was painted in 1937 by Picasso.” In the first example, Picasso is the subject. In the second example, Guernica is the subject. In English, we use the passive voice when we say “was...” (Example: was painted) Ejemplos: Los murales fueron pintados por Diego Rivera. Ser is plural because the subject (murals) is plural. Pintados matches in gender and number as well. La escultora fue influida por la Guerra Mundial. (passive voice instruction)