History Current Attitudes Phonetic and Morphological features El Silbo Canario Isleño

The islands were first populated by the fenicians in the 10 th century and later by North African Berbers who made the first permanent settlements. Arabic commercial point in the Middle Ages. The Spanish crown began conquering the islands in 1402

Importance of the Islands for trade. Important stopping point for the Spanish conquerors, traders and missionaries of the New World. Invasions by other European nations; Holland and Britain. Emigration from the Canary Islands to the New World.

A peripheral language? An archaic form? Is Canario not just Andaluz? Where did nautical peculiarities arise from?

2 reasons why a standard form has not been established: the attitude of linguistic insecurity of the speakers and question of prestige The opposition between rural and urban speakers - complex diversities between rural varieties doesnt seem possible to construct a standard model that integrates all varieties.

Ortega (1981) – high level of linguistic insecurity and less valuation of the vernacular variety. General impression - negative connotations of the variety. Imitate Peninsular Spanish Certain characteristics such as seseo, the aspiration of implosives and not using the vosotros form were not used on the radio or tv.

Trujillo (1981) – feels himself to be lacking in prestige and to be socially and culturally inferior. The lack of a homogenous regional linguistic norm has made Canary residents insecure speakers who are conscious of their own verbal and conceptual clumsiness. Morera (1990) –lack of prestige is due to the lack of opportunities attached to dialect.

Socio-political factors Social status of speakers of standard Spanish Media However in the process of changing to a more positive attitude.

Compulsory Secondary Education - Castilian Language textbooks include a description of the features of Canary Spanish Léxico del espanol usual en Canarias Tesoro lexicografico del espanol de Canarias – founded La Academia Canaria de la Lengua

1999 – appointment of Roman Rodriguez agreed to support and finance la academia canaria de la lengua – el hablo canaria es el principal patrimonio cultural de las islas… y es tan respetable y digna como cualquier otro. Estatuo de Autonomia de Canarias intends to implant Canarian as the linguistic modality. Lack of linguistic planning programme

Broadcasting -standard Spanish Local channels with Canarian presenters. Try to adapt to the standard which provokes a negative attitude. Written press ( Tenerife) -92% in favour of the use of Canarian words and expressions only occasionally do we find features peculiar to the dialectal modality in Canary newspapers. The tendency, and it appears to be a reasonable one, is to use a standard Spanish free of dialectal influences

global.com/doi/pdf/ /IJSL global.com/doi/pdf/ /IJSL igo=91599 PDF – El Español hablado en Canarias: Vision Sociolinguistica Ortega – Ojeda igo=91599 Laura Morgenthaler García - Identidad y pluricentrismo lingüístico : hablantes canarios frente a la estandarización (2008)

El canario

The most salient features of Canarian Spanish are its phonetic and morphological aspects. Distinct lexical features are also evident however they are not too far removed from the standard Castilian lexis. Canarian Spanish presents a notable diversity and corresponds to a region that is physically fragmented and determined by environmental and cultural conditions that are not always homogenous. Therefore the label hablas canarias is preferred.

Phonetic aspects: 1. Use of the seseo. 2. The aspiration of -s in implosive positions at the ends of words and beginnings of syllables. 3. Relaxed or aspirated pronunciation of jota (j or g). 4. Yeísmo - the pronunciation of y and ll as [ʝ]. 5. The voicing of ch. 6. The pronunciation of r as l and visa versa. 7. The velarisation of nasal sounds in the final syllable position. 8. The elision of r at the end of words. 9. Fricativisation of the sounds b, d and g and they are occasionally even elided.

Morphological Aspects: (Pronominal) 1. Absence of vosotros and vuestro(s). 2. Absence of laísmo, loísmo and leísmo*. 3. Peculiar use of possessive pronouns, e.g. su hija = la hija de usted(es). (Verbal) 1. Preference for the simple past. 2. Substitution of the imperative forms for the present indicative, e.g.Cómprame un periódico = Me compras un periódico. 3. Constructions such as lo más que me gusta, más nada and más nunca.

EXxMuGA

1. Bueno ya venía arrastrando una pequeña molesta en el codo desde el primer día no y bueno ayer me tuve que restirar [re-_ti-rar] del dobles también [tam- bjeŋ]. 2. Sí, me estuve, estuve tratándome ayer [a-ʝel], concesiones de hielo, de ultrasonido y de mas, y bueno hoy también antes de calentar pues me hicieron un tape, lo probé, me fue más o menos [ma h –o-me-no h ], más o menos bien… 3. Ahora simplemente intentar recuperarme para Acapulco a ver si allí puedo [pwe-ð̞o] jugar, y bueno en el momento que, en que, ser recuperada, pues, puedo jugar [ʝu-ga h ] otra vez normal como siempre.

Despite the fact that both Pablo and Carla originate from Las Palmas, they have differentiating speech characteristics in these videos. For example, Pablo aspirates his s much less frequently than Carla. This is probably an indicator of different prestige forms. Ultimately it exemplifies how cultural and social conditions, and not only regional fragmentation, causes so much diversity within the speech of the Canary Islands.

acanaria/lengua/lengua.htm acanaria/lengua/lengua.htm global.com/doi/pdf/ /IJSL global.com/doi/pdf/ /IJSL canario-%E2%80%93-carla-suarez-jugadora-de- tenis/ canario-%E2%80%93-carla-suarez-jugadora-de- tenis/ hclk#p/u/31/Bc4CStUGXf8 hclk#p/u/31/Bc4CStUGXf8

Es un lenguaje silbado que se utiliza para comunicarse a grandes distancias. Es un lenguaje social apto para el ámbito colectivo más que para el individual aunque algunas veces se ha usado como lenguaje secreto. Dos silbidos sustituyen a las cinco vocales y, cuatro, a las consonantes.

El silbo fue creado por los primeros habitantes de la isla, aborígenes canarios, y "hablado" también en El Hierro, Tenerife y Gran Canaria. Es practicado por algunos habitantes de La Gomera Silbo gomero.

Reproduce con silbidos la lengua hablada por los isleños: el español. Revista Nature de enero de 2005 para entender un mensaje silbado, el cerebro moviliza las mismas zonas que para entender un idioma hablado. En cambio, el cerebro de las personas que no saben el lenguaje silbado moviliza otras zonas para escucharlo.

Era utilizado diariamente. Los campesinos se comunicaban de caserío en caserío, los pastores de una montaña a otra, los pueblerinos de casa en casa de un lado a otro del pueblo. Las mujeres lo utilizaban para llamar a sus maridos o a sus hijos, los pastores para informarse si alguien había visto una cabra extraviada… Se reconocía el silbo de una persona exactamente como nosotros reconocemos la voz.

A partir de los años 50 el uso del silbo gomero empezó a decaer. Motivos: 1. Las situaciones en las que se solía utilizar iban desapareciendo: el pastoreo. 2. Emigración en busca de trabajo a otras zonas en las que se desconoce este lenguaje. 3. La aparición de las primeras carreteras, la prensa escrita, la radio, la televisión, el teléfono e Internet. Hoy día no ha desaparecido por completo. Se sigue utilizando en escasas zonas en particular donde existe todavía pastoreo.

Canary Islanders were recruited (and paid) by Spanish Government at the end of the 18 th century to emigrate to Louisiana, a territory that they had recently acquired from the French. Remained very isolated for almost 200 years due to poor road systems and travel connections When English was formerly introduced in education in the 20 th century, the decline of Isleño began.

Phonetically similar to Canario, though displays some variation. Influence from other languages – Loanwords from French, English, Portuguese among others. - Use of certain verbs (transitive gustar, haber/ser/tener, passive voice fui nacido) - Overuse of pronouns, especially yo tú usted Loss of s (except in plural articles) Loss of word-frontal e (scalera, scribia)

Stopped being passed down with the current generation In a survey carried out in 2002, only 8% of schoolchildren in the area said that both parents were Isleño. None of these children spoke Isleño, but some were aware of individual words and profanity. Regular but somewhat infrequent contact is kept with the Canary Islands themselves. (Festivals) Of the speakers that remain, a small group see it as a cultural heritage and wish to preserve what they can, but most have been fully integrated into the American community in which they live BF&list=PL3271A0E0B16112EF&index=2 – Example of Isleño (23 seconds) BF&list=PL3271A0E0B16112EF&index=2