AFFIRMATIVE FORMAL COMMANDS Also plural commands.

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Affirmative Formal commands

EL MANDATO AFIRMATIVO FORMAL

Transcripción de la presentación:

AFFIRMATIVE FORMAL COMMANDS Also plural commands

STEPS FOR SUCCESS!  1. To form an affirmative formal command, Substitute the –o of the present tense yo form of a verb with an –e for –ar verbs OR with an –a for –er and –ir verbs.  2. To make the plural (Uds.) command by adding the letter –n to the singular formal command.  Verbs with changes in their stem in the present tense usually have the same change in the formal command.

NOTE  Like tú in singular informal commands, usted (Ud) or ustedes(Uds) are usually omitted from the formal/plural commands.  Remember? ¡Hable español! The “tú” is not written out.

infinitiveYo formstemSingular formal command Plural commands HablarHabloHabl-Hable Ud.Hablen Uds. ComerComoCom-Coma Ud.Coman Uds. EscribirEscriboEscrib-Escriba Ud.Escriban Uds. CerrarCierroCierr-Cierre Ud.Cierren Uds. VolverVuelvoVuelv-Vuelva Ud.Vuelvan Uds. SeguirSigoSig-Siga Ud.Sigan Uds.

TRANSLATE  Look at the blackboard  Mire Ud. (Miren Uds.) la pizzara.  Read the book.  Lea Ud. (Lean Uds.) el libro.  Close the window  Cierre Ud. (Cierren Uds) la ventana.

BUMMER…IRREGULARS!  Muy triste…sigh  A few verbs have irregular FORMAL and PLURAL commands.

IRREGULAR FORMAL AND PLURAL COMMANDS infinitiveUd. commandUds. command DarDé Ud.Den Uds. EstarEsté Ud.Estén Uds. IrVaya Ud.Vayan Uds. SaberSepa Ud.Sepan Uds. SerSea Ud.Sean Uds.

REMEMBER OBJECT AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS?  In our informal affirmative commands They (Object pronouns and reflexive pronouns) are attached to the affirmative formal commands. Accent marks come into play to maintain the original emphasis on the words.  Dígame Ud. (Tell me)  Escríbanlas Uds. (write them)  Levántense Uds. (stand up)

A CULTURAL NOTE:  Direct commands may be considered rude…so be careful!  For this reason, por favor is frequently added to soften them.

NOSOTROS COMMANDS

 This form allows you to suggest that others do some activity with you and it is equivalent to “let’s (do something)” in English.  It is formed by substituting the –o of the present tense yo form of a verb with an –emos for MOST –ar verbs, or –amos for MOST –er and –ir verbs.

SOME NOTES…  Stem changing –ar and –er verbs DO NOT REQUIRE a stem change in the nosotros/nosotras command.  Stem changing –ir verbs REQUIRE a stem change.  IRREGULAR…The affirmative nosotros/nostras command for the verb ir is Vamos (let’s go)

NOSOTROS COMMANDS infinitiveYo formNosotros command HablarHabloHablemos… ComerComoComamos… EscribirEscriboEscribamos… Cerrar (ie)CierroCerremos… Volver (ue)VuelvoVolvamos… Divertir (ie,i)DiviertoDivirtamos…

WHAT ABOUT PRONOUNS?  Attached to the end!  Do you see a trend? All of the affirmative have the pronouns attached to the command, right?  To remember the order for the pronouns…recall the name of the song!

PRONOUN ORDER  Dí me lo (Verb) (indirect object pronoun) (direct object pronoun)