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Los mandatos informales Informal Commands Ven conmigo 2, Cap. 5
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When you want to tell someone what to do: You need to be able to make a command. In English, a command is when you tell someone, “Sit down.”, “Don’t smoke.”, etc.
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To make an informal (tú) positive command in Spanish: For regular commands: Take the tú form. Drop the “s”. For example: Hablas►habla Comes►come Duermes►duerme You may notice this is the same as the 3 rd person singular form (él/ella/usted)
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Práctica 1.Sleep now! ¡Duerme ahora!
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2.Speak! ¡Habla!
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Irregular positive“tú” commands: Unfortunately, there is a list! They correspond to verbs that have an irregular “yo” form:
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There is a pattern: Ten Ven Pon Sal Haz Di Sé Ve Tener (tengo) Venir (vengo) Poner (pongo) Salir (salgo) Hacer (hago) Decir (digo) Ser (soy) Ir (voy)
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Luckily, there is also a song: It goes to the tune of “Hava Nagila”, the Jewish wedding song. Remember from Wedding Crashers? The words are: Ten Ven Pon Sal Haz Repeat Di Sé Ve
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Now for negative “tú” commands: There are a couple of easy rules: Take the “yo” Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending. Put a “no” in front and an “s” at the end. (The opposite ending is an “e” for –ar verbs and “a” for –er & –ir verbs.
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Por ejemplo Hablar►hablo► Habl► Hable► ¡No hables! Comer►como► Com► Coma► ¡ No comas! Asistir ►asisto► Asist► Asista► ¡No asistas!
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A couple of notes: When the command is positive, and the verb is reflexive, the reflexive pronoun is placed at the end, hanging on to the command. First conjugate the verb into a command, then put the pronoun at the end. Relajarse► Relaja► ¡Relájate!
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For negative commands with reflexives: The reflexive pronoun goes BEFORE the conjugated verb. Relajarse► Relajo► Relaj► Relaje► No relajes…and finally: ¡No te relajes!
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Más cap. 5 vocabulario Ponerse en forma fumar
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El bienestar (estar bien, sano, contento) dedicar
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Entrenarse para la competencia El estrés
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Evitar la grasa El hábito
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Hacer régimen Mantenerse en forma
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relajarse Respirar profundamente
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La salud dejar
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Más práctica 3. Don’t smoke! ¡No fumes!
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4.Relax! ¡Relájate!
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5. Don’t go on a diet! 5. No hagas régimen!
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6. Avoid grease! 6. Evita la grasa!
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6a. Avoid sugar! (el azucar) ¡Evita el azucar!
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7. Don’t avoid vegetables! (Remember, take the yo – evito, drop the “o” - evit, add the opposite ending (e for an –ar verb), put “s” at the end and “no” in front.) 7. No evites los vegetales!
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8. Breathe deeply! 8. Respira profundamente!
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8a. Don’t sleep deeply! (Take the yo – duermo, drop the o – duerm, add the opposite ending (a for an –ir verb) + s at the end and no in front) !No duermas profundamente!
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Mandatos con –car, -gar, zar Remember –car, - gar, -zar verbs in the preterite? Well when a verb ends with –car, -gar, or – zar, there is a spelling change in the negative tú command as well. Just like in the preterite, the spelling change is to preserve the sound of the command.
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-car verbs: Practicar: If you want to make the command negative, you have to follow the same rules: Take the “yo” Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending. Put a “no” in front and an “s” at the end. To avoid saying, “no practices”(where the c makes the s sound), you need to change the c to que: No practiques. This preserves the hard c sound of practicar, instead of the soft c that you hear in the word cine.
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The same is true for –gar verbs. No avoid saying, “no jueges”, you change g to gu to maintain the hard g sound. No juegues. There is also a spelling change in –zar verbs. The z changes to c: No empieces.
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Más práctica: 9. Don’t eat lunch in the classroom! No almuerces en la clase.
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10. Don’t play basketball in the library! ¡No juegues al baloncesto en la biblioteca!
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11. Don’t practice the piano after eating. No practiques el piano después de comer.
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