Traducción por Sergio Velásquez Mazariegos

Presentación del tema: "Traducción por Sergio Velásquez Mazariegos"— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Traducción por Sergio Velásquez Mazariegos
Fundamentos de ArcGIS 9.x Agosto de 2007 TOPICO ESPECIAL Traducción por Sergio Velásquez Mazariegos

2 Generalidades de ArcGIS
Productos

3 GIS para Desarrolladores
GIS Desktop GIS para Desarrolladores GIS Servidor GIS Móvil Servicios ArcWEB GIS Desktop: ArcReader, ArcView, ArcEditor y ArcInfo constituyen un conjunto escalable de productos que constituyen la plataforma básica mediante la cual los usuarios generan, importan, editan, consultan, cartografían, analizan y publican información geográfica. GIS para desarrolladores: gracias a las diferentes herramientas de desarrollo de la tecnología ESRI es posible crear aplicaciones personalizadas o embeber funcionalidad GIS dentro de aplicaciones existentes (no necesariamente GIS). GIS Servidor: ArcGIS Server, ArcIMS, ArcGIS Image Server constituyen las tres piezas fundamentales en el nivel de servidor de la arquitectura ArcGIS. Con ellas, y a través de diferentes clientes, se puede servir funcionalidad GIS a un gran número de usuarios a través de las redes. ArcGIS Explorer es un cliente ligero gratuito incluido en ArcGIS Server GIS Móvil: permite al trabajador de campo capturar, almacenar, actualizar, manipular, analizar y visualizar la información geográfica. Incluye ArcPad, ArcGIS Mobile y ArcGIS Desktop para Tablet PC ArcWeb Services: es una familia de servicios que ofrecen una forma rápida y sencilla de incluir contenido y funcionalidad GIS en cualquier aplicación, sin necesidad de almacenar los datos ni de realizar desarrollo.

4 GIS Desktop Constituyen un conjunto escalable de productos que constituyen la plataforma básica mediante la cual los usuarios generan, importan, editan, consultan, cartografían, analizan y publican información geográfica.

5 GIS Desktop ArcReader ArcView
Es una aplicación gratuita y de sencillo manejo que permite visualizar, explorar e imprimir mapas ya creados. ArcView Incorpora a la funcionalidad de ArcReader funciones avanzadas de visualización, análisis y consulta de datos, así como la capacidad de crear y editar datos geográficos y alfanuméricos.

6 GIS Desktop ArcEditor ArcInfo
Abarca toda la funcionalidad presente en ArcView y añade además, herramientas para la edición multiusuario de geodatabase corporativa así como la posibilidad de implementar topología basada en reglas. ArcInfo Complementa la funcionalidad de ArcEditor, incorporando funciones avanzadas de geoprocesamiento, conversión de datos a otros formatos y sistemas de proyección, así como toda la funcionalidad aportada por el entorno de comandos de ArcInfo Workstation.

7 Generalidades de ArcView
Aplicaciones de ArcView Desplegando Datos Funciones de ArcView

8 Aplicaciones de ArcView
ArcMap ArcCatalog ArcToolbox Obteniendo Ayuda

9 ArcMap ArcCatalog

10 ArcMap Aplicación de despliegue básica Tareas basadas en mapas
Edición Consulta Análisis Graficación Reportes ArcMap provides tools for creating visual displays of your data, querying, and creating presentation-quality maps. ArcMap makes it easy to lay out your maps for printing, embedding in other documents, or electronic publishing. It also includes analysis, charting, reporting functions, and a comprehensive suite of editing tools for creating and editing geographic data. When you save a map, all of your layout work, symbols, text, and graphics are automatically preserved. ArcMap is the primary ArcGIS application for displaying, querying, editing, creating, and analyzing data.

11 ArcMap ArcCatalog

12 ArcCatalog Una ventana a su base de datos Explorar sus datos
Administrar sus datos Crear y ver datos Escribir o ver la documentación (metadatos) The ArcCatalog application helps you organize and manage all your GIS data. It includes tools for browsing and finding geographic information, recording and viewing metadata, quickly viewing any dataset, and defining the schema structure for your geographic data layers.

13 ArcToolbox Disponible en ArcCatalog y ArcMap
Funciones de proceso Geográfico Análisis y conversión Herramientas varían entre los productos ArcGIS (ArcView y extensiones) The ArcToolbox window provides you with tools for data conversion, managing coordinate systems, changing map projections, and more. ArcToolbox supports easy-to-use drag-and-drop operations from ArcCatalog; with ArcMap, you need to browse to or type in the variables. For ArcInfo users, ArcToolbox provides additional and more sophisticated data conversion and spatial analysis tools.

14 Accesando las aplicaciones
ArcView 9 comparte aplicaciones comunes ArcMap, ArcCatalog ArcToolbox y la ventana de Línea de Commando All ArcGIS products (ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo) are comprised of the ArcMap and ArcCatalog applications, both of which contain the Toolbox and Geoprocessing windows. ArcMap is the application for performing analysis and making maps. ArcCatalog is a tool for accessing and managing your data. ArcToolbox contains tools for data conversion and management. The Geoprocessing window allows you to write, import and run scripts, and access individual commands.

15 Interface de la Aplicación
Aplicaciones Estándar de Windows Arrastrar y soltar capas entre ArcCatalog, y ArcMap Fácil personalización de la GUI Barras de herramientas móviles y acopladas a la GUI Mover botones y herramientas The ArcGIS Desktop applications are standard Windows applications. This means that they store application data in the registry. For example, when you start ArcMap, move it to a certain location on the screen and resize it; the next time you start ArcMap it will come up at the same location and in the same size you selected. ArcGIS applications support other functions that users of Windows software often use. For example, you can use Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) to insert a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet of well sampling attributes into ArcMap, while you view the well sample locations on a map. When you need to view the spreadsheet, simply double-click the spreadsheet to start Microsoft Excel. You also have the option of hyperlinking (analogous to hotlinking in ArcView GIS 3.x) to the Excel spreadsheet if you choose to do so. You can drag a layer from ArcCatalog and drop it in ArcMap to display the layer. You can turn on/off each toolbar and dock it anywhere you like within the application. Through a simple and intuitive customization, you can move a buttons or a tool from one toolbar to another and access their properties. Drag and drop layer

16 Obteniendo ayuda Lenguetas Otra ayuda Contenidos Indice Búsqueda
Favoritos Otra ayuda Consejos Soporte en línea The ArcGIS Desktop Help provides several methods for finding the help you need to use the software most productively. The Contents tab lets you search for information by topic. The Index tab lets you search for topics containing words from the Help index, such as Layer or Table. The Search tab lets you search the Help document for a word you specify. The Favorites tab lets you store your favorite help topics so you can easily access them when needed. Your word does not have to be in the index in order to search the document for it, but the search will take longer if it is not in the index. In ArcCatalog, ArcMap, and ArcToolbox, button and tool names are displayed when you move the mouse over them (these are called ToolTips). You can also click the What’s This? tool in ArcMap or ArcCatalog and then click on a button or tool to access additional help about it (this is called context-sensitive help). For applications like ArcMap that have graphical user interfaces, context-sensitive help is useful for finding out what all the various buttons and tools do. Selecting the ESRI Support Center link will connect you with a wealth of additional online resources. The Web site URL is

17 Desplegando Datos

18 Barra Herramientas Acomodable
La interface de ArcMap Barra de Título Barra de Menú Barra de Herramientas Estándar Tabla de contenidos acomodable Barra Herramientas Acomodable Menú de Contexto Area de Despliegue Features of the ArcMap interface The Title bar displays the map name (EuropeOnly.mxd in the example above). The toolbars are dockable. The Table of Contents lists the Data Views and layer legends. The Table of Contents is dockable and can be resized by horizontally dragging the vertical divider between the Table of Contents and the display area. The display area is where the map features draw. The Status bar, besides reporting the coordinates, displays a description of the selected buttons and menu items. Herramientas de Dibujo Barra de estado

19 ¿Vista de Datos o Vista de Diseño?
Para despliegue, consultas, edición, exploración y análisis Vista de Diseño Para la creación de diseño de mapas Vista de Datos Data View You will work in Data View if you want to display, query, edit, explore, and analyze data. Layout View When you choose to create a hard copy map, you need to move to the Layout View. This view is where you add all the other map elements, such as the north arrow, legend, scale, title, and other textual information (e.g., author, data date, map date, projection type). Once the map is complete, you can send it to a plotter or printer or export it as a graphic file. V. de Diseño

20 Capas, marcos de datos y mapas
Organizar capas Capas Simbolizan datos espaciales Mapa contiene Elementos del mapa Marco de datos Capas Layers, data frames, and maps Layers store the path to a data source as well as the display properties of that data source. A data frame is a container for layers. When you create a new empty map, a default data frame named Layers is automatically added to the top of the Table of Contents, but you can highlight and change its name. In the example above, the data frame name was changed to Europe. Like the layers they contain, data frames also have properties that you can manipulate. A map is the document that stores the data frames, layers, and any map elements such as graphics and text. A map may contain several data frames. For example, you might create a map that contains one data frame with layers that show an entire country and another data frame that displays layers of a particular region.

21 Marco de Datos Los marcos de datos son contenedores para las capas
Los mapas pueden tener muchos marcos de datos Indices y mapas de referencia Arreglos en Diseños Adicionar desde el menú Insert menu, copiar y pegar o arrastrar y soltar Activar los marcos de datos en la vista desde el menú contextual Data frames Data frames let you organize your data into logical groupings, such as themes or geographic areas. You may want to consider using multiple data frames when you want to compare layers side by side or create insets and overviews that highlight a particular location. You can add as many layers as you want to a data frame; however, a data frame containing too many layers can be more difficult to work with. You may want to consider multiple data frames organized by theme or geography when you have numerous layers. When a map has more than one data frame, one of them is the active data frame. The active data frame is the one you are currently working with in the ArcMap display. For example, when you add a new layer to a map, it gets added to the active data frame. You can always tell which data frame is active because its name is shown in bold text in the Table of Contents. Of course, if a map has only one data frame, it is always the active one. To make a data frame active, right-click on the data frame and click Activate. The active data frame appears in bold font in the Table of Contents. A data frame can also be activated in the Layout View when you use your mouse to select it from the page.

22 Capas Referenciar fuentes de datos espaciales
Propiedades de las capas para fijar símbolos, etiquetas y otras propiedades Manipular a través del menú de contexto

23 Mapas Contienen capas, marcos de datos, gráficos y elementos del mapa
Guardan la información del mapa en un archivo de mapa (MXD) Maps The ArcMap document helps you visualize geographic information by showing you the location of features, which are symbolized to help you understand what they are and why they are being shown. A map can include additional information, such as graphics and map elements, that help explain its context and purpose. When you open a map document, ArcMap checks the links to the data sources. If it cannot find some data (i.e., if the source data for a layer has been deleted or renamed or if a network drive is not accessible), it does not display. The layer is still part of the map, and its name appears in the Table of Contents, but a small red exclamation mark appears right of the layer symbol. When you work in ArcMap, you are always working within an ArcMap document. The ArcMap document (MXD) lets you save the display of your data.

24 Manejando al Tabla de Contenidos (TOC)
Arrastrar capas arriba y abajo para cambiar el orden de despliegue Dibujar las capas en el orden de la TOC De abajo hacia arriba Renombrar los marcos y capas Remover capas Lenguetas inferiores Display Source Selection Managing the Table of Contents The Table of Contents lists all the data frames and thematic layers on the map and shows the symbols used to represent the features in each layer. A check box next to a layer indicates whether it is currently visible on the map. Layers at the top of the Table of Contents draw on top of layers listed below them. Learning how to manage layers and frames within the Table of Contents helps you represent your data effectively and efficiently. The draw order of layers within a data frame is from the bottom to the top, so you put those layers that form the background of your map, such as the ocean, at the bottom of the Table of Contents. ArcMap is smart enough to display a point feature class on top of a polygon feature class. To change the order of display, click the layer and drag it up or down the Table of Contents to a new location. You can copy and paste layers within the same data frame or into a different data frame. Layers can be removed by right-clicking on the layer and clicking Remove from the context menu.

25 Manipulación de Datos Manipulación
Funciones de ArcView Manipulación de Datos Manipulación Análisis de Datos Presentación de Datos

26 Creación de Datos Manipulación La mesa digitalizadora traza
Análisis Presentación Creación de Datos La mesa digitalizadora traza objetos desde el papel Usa una mesa digitalizadora Digitalización en pantalla traza los objetos desde la pantalla Mapas escaneados, fotos aéreas o imágenes de satélite

27 Creación y Edición de datos
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Creación y Edición de datos Herramienta de Edición Herramienta de dibujo Capa objetivo Editor de Atributos Todas las funciones de edición son controladas a traves de la barra de herramientas Navigating the Editor toolbar In ArcMap, editing operations are controlled through the Editor toolbar. The toolbar contains several important controls: Editor menu: This menu contains the commands for beginning, ending, and saving edit sessions. It also provides access to several editing operations, snapping controls, and editing options. Edit Tool: This tool is used to select features for editing. Sketch Tool: This is the primary tool for editing spatial features. It allows you to digitize in new features or modify the shape of existing features. The actual operation the tool performs is controlled by the Task list. Task list: You choose your desired editing operation from this dropdown list. Target layer: This control allows you to select the layer you want to edit. Split tool: Allows you to divide a select feature into two features. Rotate tool: Allows you to interactively rotate selected features using the mouse or an angular measurement. Attribute dialog: This window allows you to edit the attribute values of selected features. Sketch Properties: Allows you to edit the vertices of a sketch. Lista de tareas Comandos de la sesión de edición

28 Mapeo de Eventos Manipulación
Análisis Presentación Mapeo de Eventos Las tablas a menudo contienen información de la localización. Esta puede ser convertida a puntos

29 Coincidencia de Direcciones
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Coincidencia de Direcciones Hace coincidir las direcciones con las calles y crea puntos .

30 Identificación Atributos de un elemento en particular Análisis
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Identificación Atributos de un elemento en particular i Identify Features tool This tool allows you to display the attributes for any feature you click on with your pointer.

31 Avisos e hipervínculos
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Avisos e hipervínculos Avisos El puntero despliega atributos específicos Objetos en un mapa pueden ser “vinculados” a otras aplicaciones Documentos URL Ligas múltiples por cada característica MapTips and hyperlinks If you have MapTips set for a layer, when you move the mouse pointer over a feature in the layer, a rectangular box containing textual information appears. The MapTip text comes from a field in the attribute table of that layer. You have to set which field you want attribute values to be reported from when using the MapTips. You can display Web pages accessed over the Internet and documents (such as a text file or image) or run a macro (script). You can dynamically create hyperlinks as you browse your map, or you can store hyperlinks with your data in an attribute field. When you click on a feature, ArcMap determines which program is needed to display the hyperlink. If you specify a Web address, ArcMap launches your default Web browser and displays the page. If you specify a different type of document (e.g., a text document), ArcMap displays it using its native program (such as Notepad or another text editor). The Hyperlink Manager allows you to set more than one hyperlink per feature; these are called Dynamic Hyperlinks. If you are creating maps that people will access interactively or if you want to explore your data before you do analysis, MapTips and hyperlinks are useful ways to present more information about the map’s features.

32 Consulta a las Tablas Análisis
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Consulta a las Tablas ArcView puede contestar preguntas acerca de los atributos de los datos….. ¿Cuáles paises tenían una población mayor a 30 millones en el año 2000?

33 Tabla con datos adicionales
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Unión de tablas Algunos datos se guardan en bases de datos externas Para ser utilizadas por un SIG, estas tablas tienen que ser unidas al mapa Asociar las tablas basados en un campo común Tabla de atributos Joins and relates ArcMap provides two methods to associate data stored in tables with geographic features: joins and relates. When you join two tables, you append the attributes from one onto the other, based on a field common to both tables. When you relate tables, you define a relationship between the two tables—also based on a common field—but do not append the attributes of one to the other. Instead, you can access the related data when necessary. You join two tables when the data in the tables has a one-to-one or a many-to-one relationship (e.g., you have a layer showing store locations, and you want to join a table of the latest monthly sales figures to it). You relate two tables when the data in the tables has a one-to-many or many-to-many relationship (e.g., your map displays a parcel database, and you have a table of owners; a parcel may have more than one owner, and an owner may own more than one parcel). Joins and relates are reconnected whenever you open the map. This way, if the underlying data in your tables changes, it is reflected in the join or relate. Tabla con datos adicionales

34 Seleccionar por localidad (Consulta espacial)
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Seleccionar por localidad (Consulta espacial) ArcView puede contestar preguntas acerca de la localidad de las entidades Ciudades Países Select by location (spatial query) You will often need to find features based on their geographic, or spatial, relationship to other features. Instead of using the cursor or geometric shapes to select features, you use features from one layer to select features in another layer. For this reason, Select By Location is called spatial query. When selecting features with spatial queries, you use the Select By Location dialog, available from ArcMap’s Selection menu, to create a statement about what you want to select. Your selection procedures include: Select features from Add to the currently selected features Remove from the currently selected features Select from the currently selected features The selected features depend on the mode used. These modes are discussed on the next slide. Regardless of the mode you use, you have the option of narrowing your selection to a specific layer by checking off all the layers that you want to exclude. You can also select features using a certain buffer distance. You recall the introduction of the concept of topology in Lesson 2. The Select by Location dialog is where you can easily query your data using the topological relationships, which exist between features and layers. Resultado ¿Cuáles ciudades están en este país??

35 Creando Mapas temáticos
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Creando Mapas temáticos ArcView soporta el mapeo temático Basado en los atributos de las tablas Métodos de clasificación temática Layer symbology in ArcMap Drawing properties can be set within the Symbology tab of the layer’s Layer Properties dialog. In the Show panel of the Symbology tab, ArcMap has several options for creating both qualitative and quantitative thematic maps. When you chose a certain method, the properties options to the right of the Show panel change according to the type of thematic mapping method used.

36 Desplegando valores cualitativos
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Desplegando valores cualitativos Elementos Categorías Display qualitative values Often, seeing where something is—and where it is not—can tell you exactly what you need to know. Mapping the location of features reveals patterns and trends that can help you make better decisions. The easiest way to see where features are is to draw them using a single symbol. You can draw any type of data this way. When you create a new layer, ArcMap draws it with a single symbol by default. A category describes a set of features with the same attribute value. For example, given parcel data with an attribute describing land use (e.g., residential, commercial, and public areas), you can use a different symbol to represent each unique landuse type. Drawing features this way allows you to see where features are and what category they belong to. This can be useful if you are targeting a specific type of feature for some action or policy. For instance, a city planner might use the landuse map to target areas for redevelopment. In general, look for these kinds of attributes when mapping by category or unique value: Attributes describing the name, type, or condition of a feature Attributes containing measurements or quantities that are already grouped (e.g., “0– 99” or “100–199”) Attributes that uniquely identify features (e.g., a county name attribute could be used to draw each county with a unique color) You can let ArcMap assign a symbol to each unique value based on a color scheme you choose, or you can explicitly assign a specific symbol to a specific attribute value.

37 Desplegando valores cualitativos
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Desplegando valores cualitativos Cantidades Gráficos Display quantitative values When you want your map to communicate how much of something there is, you need to draw features using a quantitative measure. This measure might be a count, a ratio (such as a percentage), or a rank (such as high, medium, or low). You can represent quantities on a map by varying the color or symbol size you use to draw features. For example, you might use increasingly darker shades of blue to represent increasingly higher rainfall amounts or larger circles to represent cities with larger populations. Generally, you need to classify your data when you display it. You can either manually define classes or apply one of the standard classification schemes to do so automatically—just specify the number of classes you want to show. Once you have defined the classes, you can add more classes, delete classes, or redefine class ranges. Pie charts, bar charts, and stacked bar charts can present large amounts of quantitative data in an eye-catching fashion. For example, if you are mapping population by county, you can use a pie chart to show the percentage of the population by ethnic group for each county. Generally, you will draw a layer with charts when your layer has a number of related numeric attributes that you want to compare. Use pie charts if you want to show how much of the total amount each category takes up. Use bar charts to show relative amounts rather than a proportion of a total.

38 Calculando Resúmenes Estadísticos
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Calculando Resúmenes Estadísticos Seleccionar Elementos Capa Campo Calculating summary statistics After making a spatial or attribute selection, you may want to calculate a simple statistics summary. This can be done by clicking the Statistics option from the Selection dropdown list. This operation invokes the Selection Statistics dialog. Here you need to select the layer, as well as the field in the feature attribute table, that you want the statistics to be calculated for. Once these are selected, a numeric statistics summary, as well as a frequency distribution chart, appears in that window.

39 Gráficos Presentación Resumir información tabular
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Gráficos Resumir información tabular Una variedad de formatos gráficos Fijar las propiedades de despliegue Adicionar al mapa Graphs By displaying data values graphically, graphs simplify the often difficult task of interpreting the large amount of quantitative (numerical) attribute data associated with layers. You can represent your data and analysis results using many styles of graphs including two- dimensional and 3D graphs. ArcGIS uses graphics server software that provides a variety of chart types so you can represent your data in the clearest and most efficient manner. Values for ArcGIS graphs come directly from feature attribute tables. Some graphs are better than others at presenting certain kinds of information. Carefully consider the information you want to present before choosing a graph style. You can control most visual aspects of the graph in order to create an effective display of your data. For example, you can add titles, label axes, change the color of graph markers, or change the color and font of the chart’s text. Once you have created a graph, you can add it to a map in ArcMap’s Layout View. When placed on the layout, a graph becomes a graphic element that you can size and position as desired.

40 Mapa y objetivos de diseño
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Mapa y objetivos de diseño ¿Cuáles son los objetivos del mapa? Compartir información Resaltar relaciones Ilustrar resultados del análisis Soporte de decesiones ¿Cuáles son los objetivos del diseño? Manipular las características gráficas Alcanzar un propósito predefinido Map and design objectives A map conveys geographic information, highlights important geographic relationships, and presents analysis results. Because most GIS users have to present their spatial data graphically to a wide variety of readers, they have also become map designers or cartographers. Any GIS analysis ends with some results that need to be communicated. You can help fulfill the purpose of your map by using proper placement of map elements and choosing symbols and cartographic elements that are tailored for the message you want to communicate. How you design a map depends on your particular objective (i.e., why you want to create a map in the first place). One obvious objective for creating a map is to show the results of your analysis. Other map objectives may be to simply share information, guide people, or highlight relationships. Your primary objective is usually not to create a beautiful map but to create a product that communicates effectively, efficiently, and clearly.

41 Identicando los elementos del mapa
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Identicando los elementos del mapa Título Cuerpo What other map elements are missing? Scale text (1:100,000) Other text (author name, disclaimers, projection information, date of data, date of map, and so on) Logos Are all these map elements really necessary? Some map elements can be ignored if other map elements or features can substitute for it. For example, a north arrow is redundant if you have neatlines shown with coordinate labels such as latitude and longitude; a north arrow and a scale bar are both redundant if you are depicting the population of the United States in a book on United States demographic statistics; a scale bar can be redundant if neatlines are shown with the proper coordinate system and units. Avoid placing any information that does not comply with the map’s objectives. These are considered ‘visual noise’ and distract from effective map communication. Leyenda Flecha del Norte Barra de escala Designed by Committee 2004 Otro texto ¿Qúé es lo que falta?

42 Impresión de mapas Presentación Manipulación Análisis
Printing procedure Follow the steps below to print your map. 1. From the File dropdown list, click Print. 2. In the Print dialog, point to the available printer and select the Printer Engine by clicking the Setup button. The PostScript and Windows Printer Engine drivers are available with your Windows operating system. The ArcPress Printer is a separate ESRI extension product specifically designed to facilitate high-quality map production. You choose between printer drivers in the Page Setup window. 3. On the Document Properties dialog of your printer or plotter, select the paper size and source, the number of copies, the orientation, and the color appearance. Depending on which printer engine was selected, the Document Properties dialog may be different from the graphic shown in the slide.

43 Exportando un mapa Presentación Exportar a un formato de imagen
Manipulación Análisis Presentación Exportando un mapa Exportar a un formato de imagen Cada formato tiene diferentes opciones de salida Copiar mapas al portapapeles Once you have created a map, you may want to export it from a map document to an image file. The new image can then be inserted into another document (for example, Microsoft Word or PowerPoint). Export a map by choosing Export Map from the File menu. You can export maps as several types of files. Some of these formats are: EMF (Enhanced Metafiles) are Windows native vector graphics, raster graphics, or both. They are useful for embedding in Windows documents because they can be resized without distortion. BMP (bitmap) files are simple, native Windows raster images. They do not scale as well as EMF files. EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) files are primarily used for vector graphics and printing, and can be sent directly as a printer file. PDF (Portable Document Format) files are designed to be consistently viewable across different platforms. They are commonly used for distributing documents on the Web. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) files are compressed image files. They are commonly used for images on the Web because they are more compact than many other file types. Copy map to clipboard You may not need to create a new separate file for your map but only need to embed it into another document. Under the Edit menu, there is the option to temporarily store the map layout in the clipboard on your computer.

44 ¿Preguntas?