Protección contra caídas en la construcción

Presentación del tema: "Protección contra caídas en la construcción"— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 Protección contra caídas en la construcción
Slide Show Notes This training session provides important information on fall protection at construction sites. Anyone who is exposed to potential fall hazards must be trained to identify these hazards and how to properly use fall protection. Note that this session covers general fall protection topics, but does not discuss certain specific activities covered by OSHA regulations, such as stairways, ladders, electric power lines, and steel erection work.

2 Objetivos de la sesión Usted podrá:
Reconocer los peligros de caídas e identificar cuándo se necesita protección Usar sistemas básicos de protección contra caídas Evitar que los objetos caigan Inspeccionar los sistemas personales de detención de caídas Auto-rescatarse y rescatar a los demás de una caída Slide Show Notes The objectives of this session include being able to: Recognize fall hazards and identify when fall protection is needed; Use basic fall protection systems; Prevent objects from falling; Inspect personal fall arrest systems; and Rescue yourself and others from falls.

3 Estadísticas de caídas
Causa principal de muerte en la industria de la construcción Cada año mueren 700 trabajadores Cada año se lesionan trabajadores El 40% de las lesiones en la industria de la construcción están ligadas a caídas Slide Show Notes Statistics on falls show how important it is to understand fall protection. Falls are the leading cause of fatalities in the construction industry. About 700 workers in all U.S. industries are killed by falls each year. About 100,000 construction workers are injured by falls each year. And 40 percent of construction industry injuries are related to falls. Add relevant injury statistics for your company. Describe fall accidents that have occurred at your company or nearby work sites.

4 Reglamentación de protección contra caídas
Título 29 del Código de Regulaciones Federales, artículos a Obras Todos los trabajadores que podrían estar expuestos a peligros de caída Reconocer peligros de caídas y cumplir con los procedimientos de la capacitación Andamios, grúas y cabrias, erección de acero estructural, excavación de túneles, transmisión eléctrica y escaleras de manos Slide Show Notes Fall protection regulation is the responsibility of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, under the Code of Federal Regulations Title 29, Sections to Construction sites are covered by these regulations. The regulations protect all workers at construction sites who might be exposed to fall hazards. You must be trained to recognize fall hazards and to follow training procedures to minimize fall hazards. However, scaffolds, cranes and derricks, steel erection, tunneling, electrical transmission, and ladders and stairways are not covered in these particular regulations or this session.

5 Requisitos del empleador
Evaluar las condiciones del lugar Escoger protección contra caídas Instalar sistemas de protección contra caídas Cumplir con las prácticas seguras de trabajo Capacitar a los trabajadores Slide Show Notes There are a number of requirements for employers to take precautions to guard you against fall hazards. These include: Assessing site conditions to determine where workers might be exposed to fall hazards, such as leading edge work, holes in the floor, openings in walls (including large windows), excavations, and other potential hazards. Selecting fall protection systems that are appropriate for each potential fall hazard. Installing fall protection systems that have been selected. These must be properly constructed, and may require special engineering and design. Following safe work procedures that are developed to protect against fall hazards on the site. Finally, training workers in the proper selection, use, and maintenance of fall protection systems.

6 Plan de protección contra caídas
Los planes de protección contra caídas están redactados para ciertas clases de trabajos y son específicos para cada lugar Es importante que usted conozca el plan de protección contra caídas de su lugar de trabajo específico Slide Show Notes A fall protection plan is a written plan that describes fall protection procedures and systems at a work site. The plans are written for specific types of work and are site-specific, and It’s important for you to know the fall protection plan for your specific worksite. Modify this slide to include information from your company’s fall protection plan.

7 Reconozca los riesgos de caída libre
Bordes Superficies inclinadas Escaleras de mano Huecos o aberturas Herramientas y equipos Slide Show Notes It’s important to recognize free fall hazards – that is, potential falls from a higher elevation to a lower elevation – because these cause the most serious injuries and can occur anywhere, at any time. Examples of free fall hazards include: Edges of platforms, stairs, and other working surfaces; Sloping surfaces, such as a roof; Ladders; Holes or openings, including skylights; and Tools and equipment falling onto workers, or workers falling onto equipment. The photograph on this slide shows a broken skylight where a roofer sat on it and fell through to his death. Image credit: State of WA-WISHA Services

8 ¿Cuándo se requiere una protección contra caídas?
6 pies o más por encima de un nivel inferior Peligro de caer sobre equipos peligrosos Áreas o actividades específicas Mientras se inspeccionan superficies de trabajo y por donde se camina Slide Show Notes When is fall protection needed? You must be protected from potential fall hazards under these conditions: Whenever you are working 6 feet or more above a lower level. When there is a hazard of falling into dangerous equipment, even if the equipment is less than 6 feet below you. That’s because the dangerous equipment may be more of a hazard than the fall. Certain specific areas or activities identified in the OSHA regulations. These include ramps, runways, walkways, excavations, hoist areas, holes, formwork and reinforcing steel, leading edge work, unprotected sides and edges, overhand bricklaying, roofing work, precast concrete erection, wall openings, and residential construction. Finally, fall protection is required when walking and working surfaces are being inspected to make sure they are strong enough. Modify this slide or add a slide to include: unprotected sides and edges; leading edges; hoist areas; holes; formwork and reinforcing steel; ramps, runways, and walkways; excavations, wells, pits, and shafts; overhand bricklaying and related work; work on low-slope roofs; steep roofs; precast concrete; residential construction; and wall openings.

9 Peligros de caídas: ¿Preguntas?
¿Comprende los peligros de caídas y los requisitos de protección contra caídas? Slide Show Notes Do you understand the hazards of falls and fall protection requirements? It is time for you to ask yourself if you understand the material presented so far. It is important for your safety that you understand how to protect yourself against falls.

10 Sistemas de protección contra caídas
Sistemas de prevención (control) de caídas Sistemas de detención de caídas Slide Show Notes Fall protection systems are of two primary types: Fall prevention, or restraint, systems. These keep you from falling in the first place. A guardrail is an example of a fall restraint. Fall arrest systems are types of equipment that stop a fall in progress. A harness, such as the one shown here, is an example of a fall arrest device.

11 Prácticas seguras de trabajo
Mantenga el área limpia Mire Escuche Use protección contra caídas Evite dejar caer objetos Nunca corra Slide Show Notes Falls can be prevented by following certain safe work practices and using equipment that prevents falls. Here are some safe work practices to follow when working near potential fall hazards: Keep the work area clean, neat, and orderly. A work area cluttered with materials, tools, and equipment could result in a worker tripping and falling to a lower level. Look around you and be aware of your surroundings. Know where the nearby fall hazards are located. Listen to verbal warnings—you may be approaching a fall hazard without knowing it. Pay attention when a co-worker warns you of a hazard. Use fall protection for every fall hazard, and don’t go near a hazard unless some form of fall prevention system is in place. Avoid dropping objects such as tools and materials to the level below you. Someone below you could be killed or seriously injured. Finally, never run when working at a high elevation. Running makes it easier for you to trip or lose your balance. Discuss any hazards or safe work practices that are specific to your company or jobsite.

12 Prácticas y sistemas de prevención de caídas
Sistema de posicionamiento: arnés Barandas de seguridad Sistemas de líneas de advertencia Sistemas de monitoreo de seguridad Zonas de acceso controlado (CAZ, por sus siglas en inglés) Cubiertas Protección contra objetos que caen Slide Show Notes Here are some important fall prevention systems and practices commonly used to prevent falls at construction sites: Positioning device systems, or anchored harness; Guardrails; Warning line systems; Safety monitoring systems; Controlled access zones, or CAZs; Covers; and Protection from falling objects. We’ll discuss these in more detail in the next few slides.

13 Sistema de posicionamiento: arnés
Arnés conectado por medio de un cordón de sujeción a un anclaje como freno para caídas Permite moverse por el lugar de trabajo Evita pasar por encima del borde Slide Show Notes A positioning device system with a harness is a very effective device for both restraining and for arresting falls. It is commonly used when working close to an unprotected edge or on a slope, such as a roof. The harness is connected by a lanyard to an anchor. When a harness is anchored in this way, it is a fall restraint system. This system allows movement around the work site. It prevents you from going off the edge because the length of the lanyard can be adjusted. Image credit: State of WA-WISHA Services

14 Sistemas de barandas de seguridad
La protección más común para impedir que los trabajadores caigan La barra superior soporta una fuerza de 200 libras La barra del medio soporta una fuerza de 150 libras La barra inferior soporta una fuerza de 50 libras Slide Show Notes Guardrail systems are seen very often on construction sites. They are the most common protection used to restrain workers from falls off ramps, runways, walkways, unprotected sides and edges, and wall openings, as well as falls into excavations, holes, and hazardous equipment. Top rails must be able to withstand a 200-pound force applied in an outward or downward direction. Top rails also must be 39 to 45 inches above the walking or working surface. Steel or plastic banding is not acceptable for rails, but manila, plastic, or synthetic rope can be used so long as it is inspected regularly to make sure it remain strong and stable. Midrails must be able to withstand a 150-pound force. They must be installed halfway between the top rail and the walking or working surface. If screens, mesh, or panels are used instead of midrails, these must extend all the way from the top rail to the surface. Toe boards must be installed, and must be strong enough to withstand a 50-pound force applied in an outward or downward direction. Modify this slide to show pictures of a guardrail system used at your facility. Show pictures or examples of guardrail systems installed and used by your company.

15 Sistemas de barandas de seguridad (cont.)
Lisas, sin protuberancias Cuando se quitan las barandas de seguridad es obligatorio el uso de un sistema de detención de caídas Resguardan aberturas, excavaciones y rampas sin protección Slide Show Notes Here are some other important features of effective guardrail systems: They must be smooth, with no projections. They should not present a danger of puncture wounds or lacerations, or the possibility of snagging clothing. The ends of rails cannot hang out over the posts or project out into the walking or working surface. A fall arrest system is required whenever guardrails are removed. For example, at hoisting areas, a chain, gate, or removable guardrail section must be placed across the access opening when hoisting operations are not taking place. During hoisting operations, when the access opening is not protected, workers must be protected from falling by using personal fall arrest systems. Guardrails must be installed on all unprotected sides around holes, excavations, and ramps. Holes, including skylights, may also be protected by covers. When holes are used to pass materials from level to level, two sides of the guardrail system may be removable. However, when holes are used as access for people, there must be a gate in the guardrail system around the hole. Now let’s look at other types of fall restraining systems. Image credit: State of WA-WISHA Services

16 Sistemas de líneas de advertencia
Advierten a los trabajadores Están compuestos de sogas, cables, cadenas Se marcan cada 6 pies Deben estar de 34 a 39 pulgadas sobre la superficie de trabajo Se erigen a cada lado en el techo a por lo menos 6 pies del borde Slide Show Notes A warning line system is used for relatively large, open elevated areas. The warning line warns workers to stay a safe distance away from fall hazards, such as a leading edge or roofline. These systems consist of ropes, wires, or chains. The material selected must have a minimum tensile strength of 500 pounds. However, it is not meant to support the weight of someone leaning or falling against it. The warning line must be flagged every 6 feet or less with high-visibility material so that workers can easily see the line. The warning line must be not less than 34 inches above the working surface at the lowest sag point, and no more than 39 inches above the surface at the high point. The line must be erected around all sides of a roof work area, at least 6 feet from the edge. Discuss the specifics of warning line systems used by your company. Consider bringing in a warning line system or pictures of a system used by your company for demonstration purposes.

17 Sistemas de líneas de advertencia (cont.)
Las barras no deben voltearse con facilidad Los trabajadores deben estar entrenados para mantenerse fuera El trabajo afuera de las líneas requiere otro sistema de detención de caídas Slide Show Notes Other points about warning line systems include: Stanchions must not tip over easily – they should be able to resist a force of at least 16 pounds after being rigged with the warning line. Workers must be trained to stay out of the unprotected area beyond the warning line. Work that must be done outside the warning line requires another kind of fall arrest system to be put in place.

18 Sistema de monitoreo de seguridad
Un supervisor monitorea y advierte a los trabajadores Identifica los peligros Se comunica con los trabajadores No tiene otras tareas Mantiene fuera a los no autorizados Los trabajadores deben obedecer al supervisor Slide Show Notes A safety monitor system is used only when no other alternative means of fall protection can be used. A competent person is appointed to monitor and warn workers of potential fall hazards while you are working. The monitor must be able to recognize potential fall hazards. The monitor communicates with workers and alerts them both to hazards and to unsafe work practices. He or she must be on the same working or walking surface as the other workers, and always be able to see them and be close enough to talk to them. The monitor must have no other duties to perform while acting as safety monitor. The monitor keeps unauthorized workers, materials, and equipment from the area that is being monitored. Finally, all workers in the monitored area must comply with any fall hazard warnings issued by the safety monitor. Discuss the specifics of safety monitoring systems used by your company. Consider bringing pictures of a safety monitoring system used by your company for demonstration purposes. Image credit: State of WA-WISHA Services

19 Zonas de acceso controlado
Áreas de trabajo reglamentadas sin sistemas convencionales de protección Combinación de sistemas de líneas de advertencias y de monitoreo de seguridad Acceso limitado a empleados calificados Permiten el trabajo en el borde delantero sin sistemas de protección contra caídas Áreas de trabajo designadas y marcadas Las líneas recorren el largo del borde sin protección Slide Show Notes Controlled Access Zones, or CAZs, apply to certain specific types of work, such as overhand bricklaying. CAZs are regulated work areas without conventional fall protection systems. A CAZ is a combination of a warning line system and a safety monitoring system. Access to the CAZ is limited only to qualified employees who are authorized to be there. For example, these may be specialty workers, such as masons. A CAZ does allow work without fall protection systems. Typically, the guardrails have been removed from a leading edge. The CAZ is clearly designated and marked. It must be defined by a control line or other means to restrict access to the area. Control lines should run the entire length of the unprotected edge and should run parallel to it. Control lines are connected on each side to a guardrail system or a wall. The control lines should be set up no closer than 6 feet and no more than 25 feet from the unprotected edge. For work such as overhand bricklaying, the control lines should be 10 to 15 feet from the unprotected edge. Discuss the specifics of controlled access zones used by your company.

20 Cubiertas para huecos Evitan que el trabajador o alguna parte de su cuerpo penetren en una superficie para trabajar o caminar Son obligatorias para todos los huecos de 2 pulgadas de diámetro o mayores Dos veces el peso de la gente o el equipo Aseguradas para evitar el desplazamiento accidental Codificadas por color o marcadas con “HOLE” (hueco) o “COVER” (cubierta) Slide Show Notes Hole covers are intended to prevent a number of possible falling hazards. A person could trip, twist an ankle, fall partially into a hole, or drop materials to a lower level. A cover prevents a worker, or a worker’s body part, from penetrating a walking or working surface. Covers are required for all holes equal to or greater than 2 inches wide. Covers must be able to support twice the weight of persons or equipment expected to cross over it. For example, a cover located in a roadway or a vehicular aisle must be able to support twice the weight of the largest vehicle likely to be on it. Covers need to be secured to prevent accidental displacement by equipment, employees, or wind. Finally, covers must be color-coded or marked with the word “Hole” or “Cover.”

21 Evite que los objetos caigan
Use pantallas o paneles para evitar que las herramientas o los equipos caigan sobre los trabajadores Guarde los materiales a 4 pies del borde Para trabajos de techado, guarde el material a 6 pies del borde Use toldos lo suficientemente fuertes para evitar caídas y prevenir la penetración Mantenga valladas las áreas en las que es probable que caigan objetos Slide Show Notes Preventing objects from falling from elevated work areas is accomplished in a number of different ways. Use screen or panels with guardrail systems to prevent tools or equipment from falling on workers below. Screens and panels should be installed so that they extend from the working surface to the top rail. Store materials at least 4 feet from the edge of open surfaces. Only masonry bricks and mortar can be closer than 4 feet from the edge. Excess material and debris should be kept out of the work area and removed at regular intervals. For roofing work, store materials at least 6 feet away from the roof edge unless guardrails are erected at the edge with screens or panels. Also, materials stacked near the edge should be stable and self-supporting. Use canopies as a way to protect workers below; canopies must be strong enough to prevent collapse, as well as to prevent penetration by any falling object. Keep areas barricaded where objects are likely to fall; this prevents workers from walking through the area and subjecting themselves to danger.

22 Evite que los objetos caigan (cont.)
Use tablones de pie Recoja las herramientas, los materiales y los desechos No arroje objetos hacia niveles inferiores Use casco Slide Show Notes Use toeboards as another way to prevent objects from being accidentally kicked over the edge. They should be placed along the edge for a distance sufficient to protect anyone below. They need to be strong enough to withstand a force of at least 50 pounds, and be at least 3½ inches high from the working surface. If tools, equipment, or materials are piled higher than the toeboard, install paneling or screening should be installed. Keep tools, materials, and debris picked up, so that they can’t be accidentally kicked over the edge. Never throw objects down to lower levels, even if you think there is no one below. If it is necessary to throw objects to a lower level, the area beneath you should be barricaded to keep people away. Always wear a hard hat if you are working underneath workers on a higher level. Describe your worksite procedures for storing and securing tools and other objects so they are not falling hazards.

23 Prevención de caídas: ¿Preguntas?
¿Comprende los sistemas básicos de control de caídas: barandas, arneses, zonas de acceso controlado, líneas de advertencia, cubiertas para huecos, monitoreo de seguridad o las medidas para evitar que los objetos caigan? Slide Show Notes Do you understand basic fall restraint systems: guardrails, harnesses, controlled access zones, warning lines, hole covers, safety monitoring, or preventing objects from falling.? It’s time to ask yourself if you understand the material presented so far. It’s important for your safety that you understand how to protect yourself against falls and falling objects.

24 Sistema de red de seguridad
La función de las redes es sujetar a los trabajadores que caen Se instalan debajo de la superficie de trabajo A 30 pies o menos por debajo de los trabajadores Inspeccionarlas con regularidad Suficiente distancia del suelo Quitar los objetos caídos Slide Show Notes Now we’ll discuss fall arrest systems. Remember, fall arrest systems do not prevent someone from falling, but are intended to stop a free fall. One type of fall arrest is a safety net system. These are nets intended to catch falling workers. They should be installed under the working surface, as close to the surface as possible. The net should never be more than 30 feet below the working surface. Safety nets should be inspected regularly – at least once a week. Look for signs of wear, damage, and other deterioration. Openings in the net should never be more than 6 inches across. There should be sufficient clearance underneath to prevent you from contacting the surface or structure below if you should fall into the net. Finally, remove items that have fallen into the net, including tools, scraps, and other materials. This is to prevent a worker who falls into the net from being injured. Objects should be removed as quickly as possible, or at least before the next work shift begins. Discuss the specifics of safety net systems used by your company. Consider bringing a safety net system into the class or pictures of a system used by your company for demonstration purposes.

25 Sistema personal de detención de caídas: arnés
El arnés distribuye la fuerza de detención Arnés para detención de caídas, posicionamiento o suspensión La correa para el cuerpo no es parte de un sistema de detención de caídas Slide Show Notes A personal fall arrest system with a harness is the most effective fall arrest system to protect you from injury. The harness distributes the arresting forces among the structural components of your skeletal system, including your thighs, pelvis, waist, chest, and shoulders. The harness is rated for a maximum of 1,800 pounds of arresting forces. A harness can also be used for positioning a worker or suspending a worker if necessary for specialized types of work. A body belt is NOT authorized for use as a part of a fall arrest system. Belts can cause damage to the spine or internal organs when used to arrest a fall. However, body belts can still be used as a positioning device. The D-ring on the upper back, shown on the photo, is important for fall arrest. Make sure your anchor point is always above this location to limit the height of the fall. If your anchor point is below your upper back, use a shorter lanyard to limit your fall distance to 6 feet. Put on a harness to demonstrate how it should fit. The back D-ring should be positioned between the shoulder blades, the chest strap located between the collar bone and the chest, and the leg straps tightened so that only one or two fingers can fit between the legs and the straps. Allow trainees to practice putting on and taking off the harness at least twice so that they are familiar with doing it.

26 Sistema personal de detención de caídas eficaz
Fuerza máxima de detención de libras Caída libre no más de 6 pies Evitar el contacto con un nivel inferior Distancia máxima de desaceleración de 3,5 pies Diseñado para resistir dos veces las fuerzas de impacto Slide Show Notes Here are the elements of an effective personal fall arrest system: The system should be set up to have a maximum arresting force of 1,800 pounds. The force of the stop is determined by your body weight and the distance of the fall: the arresting force is equal to your weight times the distance. The more you weigh, and the longer your fall distance, the more force it takes to stop a fall. A free fall should be no more than 6 feet; the fall arrest system should be rigged to make sure of this limit. At a 6-foot fall distance, you would need to weigh more than 300 pounds to suffer arresting forces of more than 1,800 pounds. The system also must be rigged to prevent you from contacting a lower level during a free fall. The system must bring you to a complete stop, and limit the distance in which you decelerate to no more than 3-1/2 feet. There will be less arresting force if you can decelerate for a few feet rather than come to a sudden stop. Finally, the personal fall arrest system must be designed to withstand twice the potential impact forces of someone falling for a distance of 6 feet.

27 Sistema de detención de caídas: conectores
Los conectores (ganchos de seguridad y anillos) fijan el cordón de sujeción al anclaje y al arnés Asegúrese de que los ganchos de seguridad se traben en su lugar Están prohibidos los ganchos de seguridad que no sean tipo caldazo Slide Show Notes Connectors are a critical component of any personal fall arrest system. Connectors, including snaphooks and rings, are used to attach the lanyard to the anchor and the harness. Ensure that the snaphooks properly lock into place by inspecting them regularly. Non-locking snaphooks are prohibited for fall protection. Note that proper snaphooks are frequently self-locking; they will automatically lock shut after they have been hooked, and must be manually unlocked in order to be released. Show the different types of connectors and snaphooks used by your company.

28 Sistema de detención de caídas: conectores (cont.)
Cintas entramadas o sogas Otro gancho de seguridad Anillo en forma “D” con otro gancho de seguridad conectado Cuerda de rescate horizontal Objeto incompatible en forma o tamaño Slide Show Notes Here are some things NOT to do with snaphooks: Don’t attach them directly to webbing or rope. Don’t attach them to another snaphook. Don’t attach them to a D-ring that has another snaphook or connector attached to it. Don’t attach them to horizontal lifelines. Finally, don’t attach them to an object that is not compatible in shape or dimension. Doing so might cause the connected object to depress the snaphook keeper and release it accidentally. Image credit: State of WA-WISHA Services

29 Sistema de detención de caídas: cordón de sujeción
Cuerda flexible con conector que une el arnés al anclaje En general contiene un dispositivo de desaceleración No hacer nudos ni enrollar en objetos cortantes Slide Show Notes A lanyard, of course, is a key component of a fall arrest system. A lanyard is a flexible line of rope or strap with a connector that connects the harness to an anchor point. It can also be connected to a lifeline or a deceleration device. A lanyard often contains its own deceleration device that is intended to greatly reduce arresting forces. Different lanyards use different means, such as tearing or stretching, to absorb the shock of a sudden stop. Think about what might happen if the lanyard were made of steel cable—it would not give or stretch to absorb any of the forces, so all the forces would be absorbed by the worker. By contrast, the deceleration device on the lanyard reduces arresting forces by “giving” and by preventing you from bouncing. Lanyards should not have any knots, and they should never be wrapped around sharp objects. Note that knots can reduce the strength of a lanyard by up to 50 percent. Bring examples of the different types of lanyards used by your company. Connect the lanyard to your harness for demonstration purposes.

30 Sistema de detención de caídas: cuerda de rescate
Las cuerdas de rescate conectan el sistema personal de detención de caídas al anclaje Vertical: colgar de un punto de anclaje Horizontal: extender entre dos puntos de anclaje Las sogas y correas hechas de fibras sintéticas Proteger de cortes y desgaste Slide Show Notes A lifeline can be part of a fall arrest system, but it is not the same as a lanyard. Lifelines connect the personal fall arrest system – that is, the harness and the lanyard – to an anchor point if the anchor cannot be reached by a short lanyard. In a sense, the connection between the lanyard and the lifeline becomes the anchor point. The lifeline is not intended to stretch to add to the length of a fall. A lifeline should be designed, installed, and used under the supervision of a qualified person, and should not be used as a substitute for a lanyard. The lifeline can hang vertically from one anchor point. The lanyard is connected at the end of the vertical lifeline. The lifeline also can be stretched horizontally between two anchor points. In this case, the lanyard can be connected at any point along the horizontal line. Lifelines are generally ropes or straps made of synthetic fiber. They must be able to withstand 5,000 pounds of force. Lifelines should be protected against being cut or abraded, so they should be kept away from sharp edges. Show examples of different types of lifelines used by your company.

31 Dispositivo de desaceleración
Disipa la energía durante la detención Cordón de sujeción con costura Dispositivo de agarre de soga Cordones de sujeción o cuerdas de rescate Si no hay un dispositivo de desaceleración es obligatorio el cordón de sujeción Slide Show Notes A deceleration device is used with a fall arrest system to reduce the forces on your body as the result of a fall. It dissipates a substantial amount of energy in arresting the fall. Rip-stitch, tearing, or stretching lanyards are the most common types of lanyards. The maximum deceleration distance is 3-1/2 feet. Remember to account for this distance when checking if your fall location is clear. A rope grab device travels on a lifeline and automatically, by friction, engages the lifeline and locks to arrest the person’s fall. This type of device might be used as part of fall protection system for climbing high ladders. Retracting lanyards or lifelines include devices that allow the line to be slowly extracted from or retracted into a drum that is under slight tension when the worker is moving about normally. Fall arrest systems with rope grab devices or retracting devices can be more than 6 feet long, so these types of devices give workers more flexibility. A lanyard is required between these types of devices and the harness if there is no other deceleration device that is part of the system. Show examples of rope grab devices or retracting lifelines that are used by your company and demonstrate how they are used.

32 Sistema de detención de caídas: anclaje
Punto seguro de fijación para la cuerda de rescate, el cordón de sujeción o el dispositivo de desaceleración Resiste una fuerza de libras Punto ideal de anclaje por encima de su cuerpo Pregunte si no está seguro Slide Show Notes The anchors of a fall arrest system are critically important. A fall arrest system is only as good as its anchor. An anchor is a secure point of attachment for a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device. An anchor should be designed to support at least 5,000 pounds per person that is attached to it. Ideally, the anchor point should be located above you. If it is shoulder height or higher, this will reduce the length of the fall, and reduce the possibility of swinging and hitting something. Remember, the maximum allowable distance for a free fall is 6 feet. The further the fall, the greater the arresting forces on you. Ask a supervisor if you are unsure about proper anchor points. Keep in mind that you should not anchor to electrical conduits, water lines, or guardrails. There is no point in tying to an anchor at all if it is not strong enough to withstand the arresting forces of a fall. Show photos of anchor points and samples of anchors that are used at the jobsite, and demonstrate how to select and use anchor points properly.

33 Inspeccione los sistemas personales
Examínelos antes de cada uso Controle los anillos en forma de “D” Controle las cuerdas, las correas, las hebillas de lengüeta Asegúrese de que las partes se muevan libremente Quite los componentes defectuosos Slide Show Notes Always inspect your personal fall arrest system. It should be inspected before each use. After all, your life may depend on the integrity and condition of the equipment. Check D-rings and snaphooks for any sign of cracking, breaking, or deformation. They each must have a tensile strength of 5,000 pounds. Check the ropes, straps, and tongue buckle for cuts, tears, abrasions, loose stitches, and other defects. Ensure that all moving parts are able to move freely and are operating as designed. Snaphooks should work easily and lock correctly. Rope-grab devices and retracting lifelines should also be working correctly. Remove any defective components that you find. Defective equipment should be tagged out of service and sent back to the manufacturer for repair and recertification. Demonstrate how to inspect your harness, lanyard, connectors, lifelines, and other fall arrest equipment. If possible, bring in equipment that has been taken out of service to show damage.

34 Plan de rescate Rescatar a los trabajadores en forma segura en el mínimo tiempo posible La sangre se desplaza hacia las piernas cuando se está suspendido, lo que provoca desvanecimiento Si está suspendido en un arnés Presione las piernas contra objetos para el flujo sanguíneo De ser posible eleve las piernas Slide Show Notes A rescue plan is another important part of fall protection. The purpose of the rescue plan is to safely, in the shortest time possible, rescue a worker who has fallen. It’s important to minimize the time being suspended after a fall because of something called “suspension trauma.” If suspended in an upright position, blood is pulled down into the lower legs by gravity. Eventually, the flow of blood and oxygen to the brain is reduced. If you were standing on the ground when these flows are reduced, you would faint and become horizontal, which would help get the blood to circulate out of your legs and back to your brain. However, if suspended in an upright position, you will faint and remain vertical, meaning recirculation cannot occur. If you are suspended in a harness: Push your legs against an object, because actively using leg muscles will help push blood out of your legs. Raise your legs if possible. Discuss the specifics of your company’s rescue procedures. Describe first-aid measures and procedures for getting medical treatment for a worker who has fallen.

35 ¿Preguntas? ¿Entiende la información sobre los sistemas de detención de caídas? Slide Show Notes Do you understand the information on fall arrest systems? Now it’s time to ask yourself if you understand the information presented so far. It is important for your safety that you understand the information on fall arrest systems. Conduct an exercise that illustrates how to use a personal fall arrest system, or how to self-rescue or rescue someone who has fallen while wearing a fall arrest system.

36 ¿Qué está mal aquí? Identifique los peligros de caídas
¿Qué protección contra caídas falta? Slide Show Notes What’s wrong with this picture? This man is trying to repair a sprinkler head 14 feet above a concrete pad. What are the fall hazards? The main hazard is that he is working close to an unprotected edge. If he were to fall, he would land on concrete 14 feet below. What fall protection systems are missing? For one thing, the platform has no guardrail or toeboard. And he is not wearing a harness for fall restraint or fall arrest.

37 Puntos clave para recordar
Identificar los peligros de caídas Usar y operar sistemas de protección contra caídas Implementar prácticas seguras de trabajo Inspeccionar los sistemas de protección contra caídas Proteger de los objetos que caen Rescate Slide Show Notes Now we’ll summarize the key points to remember about this training session on fall protection. First, learn to recognize all of the potential fall hazards in your work area, such as working near an unprotected edge. Always remember to use and operate fall protection systems, such as fall restraints and fall arrest systems. These may include guardrails, warning lines, safety monitoring systems, controlled access zones, safety nets, hole covers, and personal fall arrest systems with harnesses, lanyards, and lifelines. Implement safe work practices, such as keeping your work area clean and free from potential falling objects. Inspect your fall protection systems before each use. Make sure they are safe and will provide the protection you need. Protect others from falling objects by keeping your work area clean, and keeping tools and equipment away from unprotected edges and opening. Finally, be prepared to rescue and assist yourself and others in case of a fall. This concludes this training session on fall protection.