Clase de español Gramática Básica Gender of Nouns Articles

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Clase de español Gramática Básica Gender of Nouns Articles Number of Nouns Adjectives Pronouns Sentence Structure with and without pronouns Gramática Básica

Género de sustantivos Femenino All words endings with a-d-ión-umbre 3 Ejemplos: Casa,mochila Masculino All other different endings Boligrafo, carro Exceptions: Words ending with “ema”are masculine: El sistema, el dilema, el poema, el tema… There are many nouns that do not match the gender rule. El mapa, la clase, el papá,etc.

Artículos The= el, la, los, las A,an=un,una, unos,unas Singular Plural Femenino La mochila Una mochila 2 examples: Las mochilas Unas mochilas Masculino El libro Un libro Los libros Unos libros

Número de los sustantivos To change a noun from singular to plural you will follow the following rules: When a noun ends with: Vowel= add “s”. 2 examples: casa- casas, carro-carros Consonant= add “es” 2 examples: actividad-actividades, hotel-hoteles The letter “z”= change z to c, add “es” 2 examples:lapiz-lapices, luz-luces

Adjetivos Position of adjectives: a) Adjectives are placed after the nouns. White house = Casa blanca 2 examples: b) Number adjectives are placed before the nouns. ( Number adjectives such as: unos, cinco, muchos, varios,,,) Two houses = Dos casas

More about adjectives Gender and number of adjectives. Adjectives should match the nouns in gender and number a) Adjectives that end with “o” can change to: a, os, as 2 examples: b) Adjectives not ending with “o-a” only change to plural

Interrogatives When writing interrogatives words in a question always add accents. ¿Qué?-what Vs. Que-that ¿Quién?-who Vs. Quien-who ¿Cómo?-how Vs. como-how ¿Cuándo?-when Vs. cuando-when ¿Dónde?-where Vs. donde-where ¿Por qué?-why Vs. porque-because ¿Cuál?-which Vs. cual-which ¿Cuánto?-how much Vs. cuanto-how much ¿Cuántos?-how many Vs. cuantos-how many

ESTRUCTURA DE LAS FRASES TYPE OF SENTENCES FORMULA EXAMPLES AFIRMATIVO Subject+Verb+ Predicate Gaby le gusta comer Ella juega futbol NEGATIVO Subject+NO+Verb+Predicate Gaby no le gusta comer Ella no juega futbol PREGUNTA ¿? ¿+Verb+Subject+Predicate+? ¿Gusta comer gaby? ¿Juega ella futbol? 2 VERBOS EN LA FRASE First verb is conjugated, second verb remains infinitive (original form)

PRONOUNS Singular pronouns SUBJECT DIRECT INDIRECT POSSESSIVE REFLEXIVE I Yo Me Mi YOU (informal) Tú Te Tu HE Él Lo Le Su Se SHE Ella La (formal) Usted

¿Dónde escribes los pronombres? Before the conjugated verb, Attached to a second verb, Attached to infinitives and affirmative commands!

SER VS. ESTAR SER ESTAR Soy Somos Eres Soís Es Son D…descriptions, day,dates O…occupations C…characteristics T…ime O…origin R…relationships Estoy Estamos Estás Estáis Está Están E…emotions L…location F…feelings, moods

MORE PRONOUNS Plural pronouns Subject Direct Indirect Posssessive Reflexive We Nosotros Nos Nuestro You all (informal) Vosotros Vos Vuestro They masculine Ellos Los Les Su Se femenine Ellas Las (formal) Ustedes

PRESENT TENSE SUBJECT PRONOUNS ENDINGS FOR VERBS ENDING WITH AR ENDINGS FOR VERBS ENDING WITH ER ENDINGS FOR VERBS ENDING WITH IR YO O TÚ As Es ÉL, ELLA, USTED A E NOSOTROS, NOSOTRAS Amos Emos Imos VOSOTROS, VOSOTRAS Áis Éis Ís ELLOS, ELLAS USTEDES An En