Los artículos definidos e indefinidos Los pronombres de sujeto y ser

A comprobar: Gender & Number of Nouns How is a noun (sustantivo) pluralized in Spanish? * Add an -s to a word that ends in a vowel. * Add -es to a word that ends in a consonant. For words ending in –z, change –z to –c, then add –es. Suggestions for use: Hold up specific items such as books, pens, pencils, etc. Ask students to identify the object and give the plural forms. Encourage them to do this without looking at their vocabulary list. Note that pluralization may require a change in the accentuation of a word.

A comprobar: El género y el número de los sustantivos En español, los sustantivos tienen género (gender) Los sustantivos con –o típicamente son masculinos. Ex: el libro Hay unas excepciones: Masculino Femenino el día la mano el mapa la foto el problema la moto Suggestions for use: 1)Point out that not only to males and females carry masculine and feminine gender, respectively, but that objects also carry gender. Explain that gender assignment is arbitrary. 2) Return to slide 3 to use the images, and ask student volunteers to identify masculine and feminine nouns. 3) Ask students to identify one masculine noun and one feminine noun from the items in their backpack. * Los sustantivos con –a típicamente son femeninos. Ex: la pizarra

Actividad: Género Using the rules that you have learned, decide whether the following words are masculine (M) or feminine (F). 1. saludo 2. actriz 3. cafetería 4. rosa 5. doctor 6. teatro 7. mano 8. supervisora 9. mapa 10. autor

A comprobar: Los artículos definidos e indefinidos Los artículos definidos (The) Masculino Femenino Singular El La Plural Los Las * Used with a specific noun that has already been mentioned. * May be used to mark the gender & number of a noun in Spanish Suggestions for use: Write or say 5 vocabulary words and ask students to identify the definite article.

A comprobar: Los artículos definidos e indefinidos Los artículos indefinidos(A, an, or some) Masculino Femenino Singular Un Una Plural Unos Unas * Used with a non-specific noun that has not yet been mentioned. * May also be used to mark the gender & number of a noun in Spanish Suggestions for use: Write or say 5 vocabulary words and ask students to identify the indefinite article.

A comprobar: Los pronombres de sujeto y ser Inglés Español I yo You tú (familiar) usted (formal) He She él ella We nosotros (as) You (plural) vosotros (as)(familiar; used in Spain) ustedes (formal) They ellos (males, mixed-gender group) ellas (only females) Suggestions for use: Before showing this slide, ask students to list subject pronouns in English. Explain that the (as) after the nosotros / vosotros forms indicates that they must agree in gender with the nouns they are replacing.

A comprobar: Los pronombres de sujeto y ser is used in familiar situations. It’s used with: -family -friends -classmates -children Usted is used in formal situations. It’s used with: -people of authority -strangers -older people -people in a professional setting Suggestions for use: 1)Give students different scenarios and ask them to identify if they would use tú or usted. For example, you might ask: “What would you use if you were speaking to your mother?” Other possibilities are: your dentist, your best friend, your nephew, your friend’s mother, a police officer, etc. 2) Be sensitive to the fact that some native speakers may use usted with greater frequency, depending on their country of origin. If you have native speakers in your class, ask them to compare and contrast their own use of usted with what is shown on the slide.

A comprobar: Los pronombres de sujeto y ser Nosotros, vosotros, and ellos must be changed to the feminine form when speaking about a group that is exclusively female. Vosotros is only used in Spain. In most other parts of the Spanish-speaking world, ustedes is used to mean you, plural in both formal and familiar settings.

A comprobar: Los pronombres de sujeto y ser The verb ser means to be. Ser, like all verbs in Spanish, needs to be conjugated so that it agrees with the subject. Use ser to say what people are like, and where they’re from. The forms of ser are: Subject Pronoun Verb Form Yo soy Nosotros(as) somos Tú eres Vosotros (as) sois él / ella Usted es Ellos / ellas Ustedes son Suggestions for use: Have students ask 3 other students where they are from, and then have them share their responses, using different forms of ser. Point out that the usted and ustedes forms are conjugated in the third person, not the second person. Use the example of his majesty , her honor, etc. to show how English speakers also may use the third person to show respect, even though it is done less frequently.

Actividad: Parejas Match the subject with the remainder of the sentence. 1. Yo a. es joven. 2. Rafael y Carlos b. somos trabajadores. 3. La profesora c. soy optimista. 4. Tú d. eres inteligente. 5. Maite y yo e. son guapos. Suggstons for use: Have students extend the activity by using identifying people in the class to replace the subjects given in the activity. Students can re-write or re-state the activities with their classmates as subjects.

A comprobar:La concordancia (sustantivos y adjetivos) In Spanish, adjectives must agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify. Adjectives that end in -o change to end in -a when they modify a feminine noun. Adjectives that end in –a, –e or a consonant do not change when modifying a feminine noun [Exception: Trabajador ->trabajadora (-or ending)] Follow the rules you learned for pluralizing words to pluralize adjectives Suggestions for use: 1)Before presenting this slide, call students’ attention to the vocabulary list on page 18. Ask them to categorize the adjectives by their endings (end in –o, -e, etc.) As you present each bulleted point, ask students to name specific adjectives to which that rule applies. 2) List five adjectives on the board (masculine or feminine form) and have students give you the plural form.

A comprobar: Adjetive Agreement Ejemplos: El profesor es bajo, y la profesora es alta. Los niños son inteligentes y simpáticos. Mis amigas son trabajadoras y honestas. Suggestions for use: Ask students to provide one additional example to share with a partner. Have volunteers share their examples with the class. Name people in the class or celebrities and have students choose one adjective to describe them.

A comprobar:La concordancia (sustantivos y adjetivos) Práctica: Complete the sentence with an adjective. Yo soy … El/la profesor(a) de español es… Mis compañeros de clase son… Mi mejor (best) amigo(a) es… Mi actor/actriz favorito(a) es… Suggestions for use: Have students write their responses and walk around the room to check them for agreement.

Actividad: En el café Work with a partner and take turns giving true/false statements about the people in the drawing. You should correct any false statements. ¡OJO! Be sure the adjectives agree with the subject they are describing. Modelo Estudiante 1: Vicente es calvo. Estudiante 2: Falso, él es rubio. Suggestions for use: Upon completion of the activity, have volunteers point to the people on the screen and say their statements. The class can decide whether or not the statement is true or false.