Vistas 12.3, 12.3, 13.1, 13.2 Subjunctive

INDICATIVE The Indicative is the group of verb tenses that reflect the certainty of an action. Imperfect Tense Preterite Tense Present Tense Future Tense

SUBJUNCTIVE The Subjunctive is the group of verb tenses that reflect the uncertainty of an action. Past Subjunctive Present Subjunctive The uncertainty is expressed in the main clause by a verb that reflects an opinion, doubt, or a request.

SUBJUNCTIVE SENTENCE STRUCTURE Main Clause + Conjunction + Subordinate Clause Es importante que Eduardo estudie para el examen.

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION Regular Verbs Put in the yo form Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending Es bueno que nosotros hablemos español. hablehablemos hableshabléis hablehablen comacomamos comascomáis comacoman QUE +

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION Irregular Verbs Dar : De Estar : Esté Ir : Vaya Saber : Sepa Ser : Sea Haber: Haya* Es necesario que los menores sean respetuosos a los mayores. seaseamos seasseáis seasean QUE +

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION Yo Forma Spelling Changers Go verbs : GA Decir Salir Poner Venir Hacer Tener Oír Seguir (e-i) Es urgente que vengas al hospital. vengavengamos vengasvengáis vengavengan

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION YO Form Spelling Changers zco verbs : ZCA conducir conocer ofrecer parecer traducir Es fantástico que nos ofrezcan esta oportunidad. ofrezcaofrezcamos ofrezcasofrezcáis cofrezcaofrezcan

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION Stem Changing Verbs AR & ER Verbs U-UE O-UE E-I E-IE Es fascinante que Pedro quiera aprender el japonés. x x Nosotros and Vosotros NEVER change. quieraqueramos quierasqueráis quieraquieran

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE FORMATION Stem Changing Verbs IR Verbs O-UE E-I E-IE Es imprecindible que todos duerman por lo menos 8 horas cada noche. E-I / O-U Nosotros and Vosotros will change to E-I or O-U duermadurmamos duermasdurmáis duermaduerman

FORMATION REVIEW Regular Verbs Put in the yo form Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending Irregular Verbs Dar : De Estar : Esté Ir : Vaya Saber : Sepa Ser : Sea Haber : Haya Spelling Changers go verbs : GA zco verbs: ZCA ger verbs: JA Stem Changing Verbs AR & ER Verbs Nosotros and Vosotros NEVER change. IR Verbs Nosotros and Vosotros will change to E-I or O-U

SENTENCE STRUCTURE OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE In order to conjugate the verb in the subjunctive in the subordinate clause, the main clause must include a verb of: W ish E motional reaction I mpersonal Expression R equest D oubt or denial O jalá S peculation

IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS Es bueno / malo Es mejor / peor Es urgente Es importante Es necesario These impersonal expressions reflect an opinion, which is subjective and therefore require the subjunctive. Es mejor que yo vaya a la escuela temprano. Present Subjunctive

IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS Es cierto Es verdad These impersonal expressions reflect fact, which is objective and therefore require the indicative. Es verdad que voy a la escuela temprano. Present Indicative

IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS Es bueno / malo Es mejor / peor Es urgente Es importante Es necesario These impersonal expressions are not followed by a conjunction, therefore are used with the Infinitive form of a verb. Es importante ir a la escuela temprano. Infinitive X

IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS Subjective: Es mejor que yo vaya a la escuela temprano. Objective: Es verdad que voy a la escuela temprano. No Conjunction: Es importante ir a la escuela temprano.

VERBS OF WILL OR INFLUENCE The subjunctive is used with verbs of will or influence because it is uncertain that the request or recommendation will be fulfilled. ACONSEJARto advise DESEARto wish IMPORTARto matter INSISTIR EN to insist MANDARto order NECESITARto need PEDIR (e-i)to ask for PREFERIR (e-ie)to prefer PROHIBIRto prohibit QUERER (e-ie) to want RECOMENDAR (e-ie) to recommend ROGAR (o-ue) to beg SUGERIR (e-ie) to suggest

SUBJUNCTIVE SENTENCE STRUCTURE WEIRDO + QUE + SUBJUNCTIVE Must have a Conductor and a Passenger to leave the station Must have a WEIRDOS as a Conductor  Conjugate the verb AFTER que in the Subjunctive W ish E motional reaction I mpersonal Expression R equest D oubt or denial O jalá S peculation

VERBS WITH IOP These verbs are usually preceded by an IOP to whom or for whom the action is done. ACONSEJAR MEIMPORTAR TEMANDAR LE+PEDIR(e-i) NOSPROHIBIR OSRECOMENDAR (e-ie) LESROGAR (o-ue) SUGERIR (e-ie) Te recomiendo que hables con tu madre sobre este tema.

INFINITIVE INSTEAD OF SUBJUNCTIVE The INFINITIVE is used instead of the SUBJUNCTIVE when there is no change of the subject. No quiero hacer la tarea. VS. No quiero que tú hagas la tarea. Paco prefiere comer tacos. VS. Paco prefiere que Maria coma los tacos.

SUBJUNCTIVE WITH VERBS OF EMOTION Verbs of emotion reflect feelings and therefore are subjective requiring the subjunctive in the subordinate clause. However in the absence of a subordinate clause, when a sentence only has one subject, the infinitive is used after a verb of emotion. Siento que tú no puedas venir mañana. Siento no poder venir mañana.

VERBS OF EMOTION Alegrarse de Esperar Gustar * Molestar * Sentir (e-ie) Soprender * Temer Tener miedo de Es extraño Es una lástima Es rídiculo Es terrible Es triste Ojalá (que)

SPECIAL CONJUGATION VERBS GUSTAR, MOLESTAR, and SORPRENDER are conjugated on the 3 rd person singular and the Indirect Object Pronoun represents the subject. Me gusta que Marcelo me lleve a la escuela. A Mariana le molesta que su perro orine en la alfombra. Nos sorprende que no haya un examen hoy.

OJALÁ Ojalá can be followed by QUE or not, but regardless it is followed by the Sujbunctive. Ojalá (que) ganemos el partido este Viernes.

IN SHORT INDICATIVE The first verb always goes in the Indicative Es importante, Espero, Le aconsejamos

INFINITIVE 2 verbs in a row (no commas, no “que” in between) use the infinitive Quiero bailar, Les aconsejo bailar dos veces a la semana. Impersonal Expressions not followed by “que” use the infinitive Es importante bailar. Es divertido bailar

SUBJUNCTIVE Impersonal expression followed by “que” Es importante que bailes el mambo. 2 different subjects split by “que” and the first verb is a WEIRDO Espero que bailes el mambo conmigo.

SUBJUNCTIVE WITH VERBS OF DOUBT OR DENIAL Whenever a sentence express doubt or denial in the main clause, the subjunctive will be used the subordinate clause because it implies uncertainty. However, if a sentence express certainty in the main clause, the indicative will also be used in the subordinate clause Doubt / Denial = Subjunctive No es cierto que vengan muchas personas a la fiesta Certainty = Indicative Es cierto que vienen muchas personas a la fiesta.

EXPRESSIONS OF DOUBT *Dudar *Negar (e-ie) *No creer / pensar *No estar seguro/a de *No es cierto *No es verdad *No es obvio Es (im)posible Es (im)probable To doubt To deny To not believe / think To not be sure To not be certain To not be true It is obvious To be (im)possible To be (im)probable

IMPORTANT NOTICE The following verbs in their opposite form represent certainty and are followed by the indicative: SUBJUNCTIVE *Dudar *Negar (e-ie) *No creer *No estar seguro/a de *No es cierto *No es verdad INDICATIVE No dudar No negar (e-ie) Creer Estar seguro/a de Es cierto que Es verdad que

WRAP YOUR MIND AROUND IT If you think or believe it is certain, so PENSAR and CREER in the affirmative form are followed by the Indicative. Pienso que es una buena idea ir al cine el Viernes. Expressions involving possibility or probability are always uncertain, so (No) es (im)posible and (No) es (im)probable are followed by the Subjunctive. Es imposible que yo reciba un coche de Navidad.

SUBJUNCTIVE WITH CONJUNCTIONS When stipulating a condition, you will need to use the subjunctive. Cojunctions that require the Subjunctive A menos que unless Antes (de) que before Con tal (de) que provided that En caso (de) que in case (that) Para que so that Sin que without Voy al cine a menos que tenga que trabajar.

CONJUCTIONS FOLLOWED BY THE INFINITIVE If there is no change of subject, the following conjunctions are not followed by que + subjunctive, but by the infinitive. ANTES DE PARA+ INFINITIVE SIN Voy al cine antes de cenar.

CONJUNCTIONS WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE OR THE INDICATIVE The following conjunctions may be followed by the indicative or the subjunctive depending on the time frame. Cuando when Despues de que after En cuanto as soon as Hasta que until Tan pronto como as soon as

TIME FRAMES PAST ACTIONS Sentences that express completed actions in the past will use the Indicative. Fui al cine cuando mi padre llegó a casa. HABITUAL ACTIONS Sentences that express habitual actions in the present will use the Indicative as well. Los domingos voy al cine cuando mi padre llega a casa. ANTICIPATED / FUTURE ACTIONS Sentences that express anticipation of a future action will use the Subjunctive. El proximo domingo voy al cine cuando mi padre llegue a casa.

SENTENCE STRUCTURES PAST + CONJ + PAST Fui al cine cuando mi padre llegó a casa. PRESENT + CONJ + PRESENT Los domingos voy al cine cuando mi padre llega a casa. COMMAND + CONJ + SUBJUNCTIVE Ve al cine cuando tu padre llegue a casa. FUTURE + CONJ + SUBJUNCTIVE Voy al cine cuando mi padre llegue a casa.

13.1 THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN ADJECTIVE CLAUSES Use the subjunctive in adjective clause when it refers to a person, place, thing or idea that either: DOES NOT EXIST or IS UNCERTAIN or INDEFINITE

NON-EXISTENCE En mi barrio, no hay una heladería que venda helado de mango. VS. En mi barrio, hay una heladería que vende helado de mango.

UNCERTAIN EXISTANCE Necesito un libro que tenga información sobre Venezuela. VS. Necesito el libro que tiene información sobre Venezuela. The article before the noun lets you know whether it certainly exists or not. Definite articles (el, la, los, las) and Demonstrative Adjectives (este, ese, aquel) express certainty of existence.

QUESTIONING THE EXISTENCE If you are questioning the existence is because you are not certain and therefore the use of the subjunctive is necessary. ¿Hay una heladería que venda helado de mango?

PERSONAL A When the direct object refers to a KNOWN person it must be preceded by the personal “a”. Buscamos al empleado que habla japonés. Vs. Buscamos un empleado que hable japonés. However if the direct object is alguien or nadie it is always preceded by the personal “a” Buscamos a alguien que hable japonés. No conocemos a nadie que hable japonés.

13.2 NOSOTROS COMMANDS These commands are used to give order or suggestions that include yourself and other people. The English equivalent is Let’s + verb. “Let’s dance” In Spanish there are two ways to form this type of command: 1.Vamos + a + infinitive “Vamos a bailar” 2.Nosotros form of the Present Subjunctive “Bailemos”

FORMATION REVIEW Regular Verbs Put in the yo form Drop the “o” Add the opposite ending Irregular Verbs Dar : De Estar : Esté Ir : Vaya Saber : Sepa Ser : Sea Haber : Haya Spelling Changers go verbs : GA zco verbs: ZCA ger verbs: JA Stem Changing Verbs AR & ER Verbs Nosotros and Vosotros NEVER change. IR Verbs Nosotros and Vosotros will change to E-I or O-U

NUANCES OF THE NOSOTROS COMMANDS Affirmative Command for the verb “IR” – Negative Command for the verb “IR” – NO VAYAMOS

PRONOUNS AND COMMANDS Pronouns are attached to the end of an affirmative command Comprar un regalo a ellos ¡Comprémoselo! (Not Comprémosselo) Pronouns are placed before a negative command No comprar un regalo a ellos ¡No se lo compremos! Accents ámos émos

REFLEXIVE VERBS MONKEY VERBS In the affirmative form, drop the “S” before attaching the pronoun ¡Despertémonos temprano! (despertemos – s = despertemo + nos) In the negative form, place the pronoun before the verb ¡No nos despertemos temprano!