Direct Object Pronouns - by themselves -with commands -with the present progressive

What are direct objects? The direct object is the “what” of the sentence: I write a letter. (What do I write?) They set the table. (What is set?) We read a book. (What do we read?)

Find the direct object 1.She takes a test. 2.We eat several hamburgers. 3.Are you reading a book? 4.I listen to music. 5.They are having a party. 6.I buy a piñata for the party. 7.You do yoga on Monday nights.

What are direct object pronouns? It becomes tiresome to say the same noun over and over again. Sometimes you need to say “it” or “them”. Direct object pronouns allow you to replace the noun in the sentence with a pronoun meaning it or them: I read the book. I am reading it now. She eats salads a lot. She eats them at home.

Direct Object Pronouns: lo (masculine, singular) la (feminine, singular) los (masculine, plural) las (feminine, plural) lo and la = IT los and las = THEM

Placement of DOPs: 1. Locate D.O. in sentence: Yo leo el libro. (Libro is the D.O.) 2. Replace D.O. with pronoun. (Libro = lo) 3. Rewrite sentence. DOP: –1. goes before the conjugated verb or –2. can be attached to an infinitive or –3. can be attached to a positive command or –4. can go before a negative command or –5. can be attached to a participle Yo leo el libro would become Yo lo leo. ( I read it.)

1.Yo pongo la mesa. (I set the table.) Yo la pongo. (I set it.) 2. Ella escucha la música. (She listens to music.) Ella la escucha. (She listens to it.) 3. Ellos limpian los baños. (They clean the bathrooms.) Ellos los limpian. (They clean them.) 4. Tú traes un gato a la fiesta. (You bring a cat to the party.) Tú lo traes a la fiesta. (You bring it to the party.) 5. Nosotros escribimos cartas. (We write letters.) Nosotros las escribimos. (We write them.)

Commands with DOP Attach the DOP to affirmative commands. Example: Eat the sandwich. (Come el sándwich.) The direct object is sandwich. Replace sandwich with LO. Attach DOP to command: Cómelo.

Accent marks If the command has only one syllable, you do not need an accent mark. If the command has more than one syllable, count back three syllables from the end of the command/pronoun and accent that vowel. Prepare them: Prepáralas or Prepáralos Write it: Escríbela or Escríbelo.

1.Clean it. (the bathroom) 2.Wash them. (the plants) 3.Prepare them. (the tacos) 4.Open them. (the books) 5.Eat it. (the hamburger) 6.Decorate it. (the kitchen) 7.Take it out (the trash) 8.Do it (the homework)

Negative Commands with DOP Put the DOP after “no” and before the command: No lo limpies. (Don’t clean it.) No la toques. (Don’t play it.) No los comas. (Don’t eat them.) No las sirvas. (Don’t serve them.)

1.Don’t eat them (las frutas) 2.Don’t make them (los sándwiches) 3.Don’t visit them (los museos) 4.Don’t drink it (la leche) 5.Don’t do it (la tarea) 6.Don’t ride it (la bicicleta) 7.Don’t read it (el libro)

DOP with present progressive If you want to use a DOP with a present progressive verb, you can: (A) attach the DOP to the participle (that’s the –ando or –iendo word) OR (B) place the DOP before the conjugated form of estar. Lo estoy comiendo (I am eating it) OR Estoy comiéndolo (I am eating it) * If you attach the DOP to the participle, place an accent on the A in –ando or the E in –iendo

We are studying them (los apuntes) Los estamos estudiando OR Estamos estudiándolos. I am drinking it (the water) Lo estoy bebiendo OR Estoy bebiéndolo. Juan is serving it (the pizza) Juan la está sirviendo OR Juan está sirviéndola.

You are not taking it out (the trash). No la estás sacando. No estás sacándola. They are not interrupting them (the men). No los están interrumpiendo. No están interrumpiéndolos.

With tener phrases, deber, ir a inf: 1.I ought to do it (the homework). 2.She feels like writing it (the letter). 3.I am going to eat them (the salads). From slide 4 of this presentation: 4. I read the book. I am reading it now. 5. She eats salads a lot. She eats them at home.