AFRICA AND THE SLAVE TRADE

 Many kingdoms  Diff. cultures  100 mil.

 Religion?  Spirits, nature  Genies  Economy?

Long tradition Sources? War, criminals, outcasts Servants, field, soldiers Why? Different cultures

Why?  Demand  Race  Historical

 Muslims, 8 th cent.  Portuguese, 15 th cent.

 Slave trade  : 12 mil.  Brazil: 42%

MAP 4.3 Triangular Trade Across the Atlantic The pattern of commerce among Europe, Africa, and the Americas became known as the “Triangular Trade.” Sailors called the voyage of slave ships from Africa to America the “Middle Passage” because it formed the crucial middle section of this trading triangle.

1-2 months Brutal Death (10-20%) Mutinies

 Human cargo, profits

MAP 4.2 Slave Colonies of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries By the eighteenth century, the system of slavery had created societies with large African populations throughout the Caribbean and along the southern coast of North America.

FIGURE 4.2 Africans as a Percentage of Total Population of the British Colonies, 1650 – 1770 Although the proportion of Africans and African Americans was never as high in the South as in the Caribbean, the ethnic structure of the South diverged radically from that of the North during the eighteenth century. SOURCE:Robert W.Fogel and Stanley L.Engerman,Time on the Cross (Boston:Little,Brown,1974),21.

 Dynamic

 Blends  Food, cooking  Architecture  Religion (santeria, vodoo)

 Traditions  Instruments  “call and response”

 Cumbia  Courtship  Jazz, guaguanco  Rumba (today: salsa)  Son, guaracha

 Quiero contarle mi hermano un pedacito de la historia negra, de la historia nuestra, caballero Y dice asi: Uhh! Dice! En los anos mil seiscientos, cuando el tirano mando las calles de Cartagena, aquella historia vivio. Cuando alli llegaban esos negreros, africanos en cadenas besaban mi tierra, esclavitud perpetua Esclavitud perpetua Esclavitud perpetua Un matrimonio africano, esclavos de un espanol, el les daba muy mal trato y a su negra le pego Y fue alli, se revelo el negro guapo, tomo venganza por su amor y aun se escucha en la verja, no le pegue a mi negra No le pegue a la negra No le pegue a la negra

 Maroons  Palmeras  Suriname  Santo Domingo (Haiti)  French  Major uprising, removed slavery from society

 “Boucaniers”   Loot  Henry Morgan

 High mortality, low fertility  War, violence  Population loss Africa  Capitalism

 Change  Consequences  Contributions