How do I form the subjunctive?  The verb that follows a wish or an expression of opinion will be in the subjunctive. Step 1:Take the “yo” form of verb Step 2 : Remove the “o” Step 3: Add opposite endings

Irregular “yo” forms Irregular “yo” forms  “-go” verbs  tener  tengoseguir  sigo  hacer  hago  salir  salgo  decir  digo  venir  vengo  poner  pongo  caer  caigo  traer  traigo  oír  oigo

Irregular “yo” forms Irregular “yo” forms  Verbs that end in “-cer/”-cir”  Add a “z” in the “yo” form  conocer  conozco  pertenecer  pertenezco  conducir  conduzco  traducir  traduzco  reducir  reduzco

Irregular “yo” forms Irregular “yo” forms  Verbs that end in “-ger/”- gir”  g  j in the “yo” form only  recoger  recojo  escoger  escojo

Irregular “yo” forms Irregular “yo” forms  End in “-uer/”-uir”  Add a “y”  influir  influyo  construir  construyo  destruir  destruyo

Opposite endings -ar endings - e- emos - es- éis - e- en

Opposite endings hablar hablehablemos hablehablemos hables habléis hablehablen

Opposite endings -er / -ir endings - a- amos - as- áis - a- an

Opposite endings tener tengatengamos tengatengamos tengas tengáis tengatengan

How do I form the subjunctive?  There are only 5 irregulars: dar, estar, ir, saber, ser (doy, estoy, voy, sé, soy) haber: Indicative: hay (there is / there are) Subjunctive: haya

Opposite endings dar – to give - dé- demos - des- deis - dé- den

Opposite endings estar – to be - esté- estemos - estés- estéis - esté- estén

Opposite endings ir – to go - vaya- vayamos - vayas- vayáis - vaya- vayan

Opposite endings ser – to be - sea- seamos - seas- seáis - sea- sean

Opposite endings saber – to know - sepa- sepamos - sepas- sepáis - sepa- sepan

How do I form the subjunctive?  There are 3 spelling changes:  -gar g  gu  -car c  qu  -zar z  c  -ar verbs only  change takes place in all forms  tocar : Yo toque

Opposite endings pagar- to pay - pague- paguemos - pagues- paguéis - pague-paguen

Opposite endings buscar-to look for - busque- busquemos - busques- busquéis - busque-busquen

How do I form the subjunctive?  Stem changing verbs:  -ar and –er verbs have the same change in the boot as in the present tense e  ie o  ue

Opposite endings cerrar-to close - cierre- cerremos - cierres- cerréis - cierre- cierren

Stem Changing Verbs  e  ie “-ar” verbs  empezar- recomendar  comenzar  pensar  sentarse  cerrar  despertarse

Stem Changing Verbs  o  ue “-ar” verbs  almorzar  acostarse  encontrar  jugar

Stem Changing Verbs  e  ie “-er” verbs  querer  perder  entender  encender

Stem Changing Verbs  o  ue “-er” verbs  poder  volver

How do I form the subjunctive?  Stem changing verbs:  -ir verbs have 3 different rules  1) e  ie verbs Change e  ie in the boot and e  i outside the boot Change e  ie in the boot and e  i outside the boot e  ie e  i

Opposite endings -mentir – to lie - mienta- mintamos - mientas- mintáis - mienta- mientan

Stem Changing Verbs  e  ie “-ir” verbs  divertirse  hervir  sentirse  preferir  mentir  sugerir

How do I form the subjunctive?  Stem changing verbs:  -ir verbs have 3 different rules  2) o  ue verbs Change o  ue in the boot and o  u outside the boot Change o  ue in the boot and o  u outside the boot o  ue o  u

Opposite endings -dormir – to sleep - duerma- durmamos - duermas- durmáis - duerma- duerman

Stem Changing Verbs  o  ue “-ir” verbs  dormir  morir

How do I form the subjunctive?  3) e  i verbs Change e  i in the boot and Change e  i in the boot and e  i outside the boot (same for entire verb) e  i

Opposite endings -vestirse –to get dressed - me vista- nos vistamos - te vistas - os vistáis - se vista - se vistan

Stem Changing Verbs  e  i “-ir” verbs only  vestirse  servir  pedir  seguir  conseguir  repetir  reír  freír