El verbo “gustar” ¿Te gusta mi coche? Sí, me gusta mucho.

Gustar = to be pleasing Gustar is used to express preferences, likes, and dislikes. However, gustar means “to be pleasing,” and is constructed very differently from the English “to like.”

Gustar = to be pleasing gusto gustas gusta gustamos gustan Gustar is a completely regular -ar verb in its conjugation. But most often you see only the 3rd person forms used. gusto gustas gusta gustamos gustan

I like it. It’s pleasing to me. Gustar = to be pleasing In Spanish, the thing or things that we like are expressed as being “pleasing to us.” . . . where “it” is the direct object. In English, we say . . . I like it. In Spanish, “it” becomes the subject of the sentence and we say instead . . . It’s pleasing to me. “I” is then expressed as the indirect object phrase “to me.”

Let’s start by talking about something we all like. I like Spanish. Following the format on the previous slide, we would say . . . Spanish is pleasing to me. In Spanish, this would literally be . . . me gusta. El español gusta me. But, of course, in Spanish, pronouns must be placed before conjugated verbs. Now, it so happens that, by convention, the subject (in this case El español) is generally placed at the end of the sentence with this type of construction.

I like Spanish. Spanish is pleasing to me. Me gusta me gusta. el español. El español It turns out, then, that the sentence in Spanish is exactly the reverse of that in English, in its sense, and also in its word order.

The verb gustar is used exclusively with indirect object pronouns me nos te le les

To express that others like Spanish, only the indirect object pronoun needs to change, since Spanish remains the subject in all the sentences. Me gusta el español. I like Spanish. Te gusta el español. You like Spanish (informal) Le gusta el español. He / she likes Spanish. *or* You (formal) like Spanish.

To express that others like Spanish, only the object pronoun needs to change, since Spanish remains the subject in all the sentences. Nos gusta el español. We like Spanish. Les gusta el español. They like Spanish. *or* You all like Spanish.

Since most of the things or people that please us are expressed in third person, the two forms of gustar that are used most commonly are gusta and gustan gusto gustas gusta gustamos gustáis gustan Me gusta el verano. I like summer. No me gustan las tardes aburridas. I don’t like boring afternoons.

GUSTA Use the form gusta with a singular noun. Examples of gusta + singular noun: Me gusta la literatura. Nos gusta la universidad. ¿Te gusta el español?

GUSTAN Use the form gustan with 2 or more nouns, or with a plural noun. Examples of gustan + nouns: Me gustan el arte y la música. No me gustan los lunes. Me gustan las matemáticas.

¿Gusta o gustan? 1. Me _______ los deportes. 2. ¿Te ________ el español? 3. Le _______ el español y el inglés. 4. No nos _______ los lunes. 5. Me ______ los viernes y los sábados. 6. Les ______ el libro de español*. 7. Te ______ las matemáticas. gustan plural noun gusta singular noun gustan 2 nouns gustan plural noun gustan 2 nouns gusta singular noun gustan plural noun

When gustar is used with one or more infinitive verbs, only the third person singular (gusta) is used. Me gusta leer. Me gusta leer, jugar fútbol, y viajar. So remember, use gusta with a verb or with a list of verbs!

Gustar + infinitive Remember, use the form “GUSTA” + a verb or list of verbs, even if the verb is followed by a plural noun. Ex: “Me gusta estudiar las ciencias” vs. “Me gustan las ciencias.” What is the difference between these two phrases? The first has an infinitive verb after gustar – the second does not.

¿Gusta or gustan? Nos ______ estudiar. Me _____ estudiar y leer. Te ______ estudiar, aprender, y leer. Les ______ hablar el español. ¿Le _______ aprender las matemáticas? Me ______ preparar para mis clases.

¿Gusta or gustan? Nos _gusta__ estudiar. Me _gusta____ estudiar y leer. Te __gusta____ estudiar, aprender, y leer. Les __gusta____ hablar el español. ¿Le __gusta__ aprender las matemáticas? Me _gusta__ preparar para mis clases. *ALWAYS gusta + infinitive verb, even if the infinitive is followed by a plural noun – just look at what comes DIRECTLY after gustar.

Gusta or Gusta: Summary In summary: We use GUSTA with a singular noun, a verb, or a list of verbs We use GUSTAN with 2 or more nouns or with a plural noun.

The verb gustar is used exclusively with indirect object pronouns me to me te to you (informal) le to him, to her, or to you (formal)

The verb gustar is used exclusively with indirect object pronouns nos to us to them, or to you all les

Gustar is used with indirect object pronouns Nos gusta este apartamento. We like this apartment. ¿Les gusta el tiempo hoy? Do you all like the weather today? Le gustan mucho las fotografías. He/She likes the photographs a lot. No me gusta el yogur. I don’t like yogurt. ¿Te gusta cenar en casa? Do you like to eat dinner at home?

Do you like to study a lot? When we like something a lot (mucho) or more (más) than something else, mucho and más immediately follow the verb gustar: Me gusta mucho comer. I really like to eat. ¿Te gusta mucho estudiar? Do you like to study a lot?

Do you like winter or spring best? When we like something a lot (mucho) or more (más) than something else, mucho and más immediately follow the verb gustar: ¿Te gusta más el invierno o la primavera? Do you like winter or spring best? Me gusta más la primavera. I like spring best.

(for clarification or emphasis) Again, the verb gustar is used exclusively with indirect object pronouns These are mandatory me te le nos les The prepositional forms are optional (a mí) (a ti) (a usted) (a él) (a ella) (a nosotros) (a ustedes) (a ellos) (a ellas) (for clarification or emphasis)

To emphasize or clarify… To emphasize or clarify an indirect object you can also use the corresponding prepositional pronouns. These are normally used the “personal a” in front of them. For example: A mí goes with me A nosotros goes with nos

Examples: A mí me gusta el invierno. ¿A ti te gusta el invierno? A Marcos y a Julia les gustan mucho los viernes. A nosotros nos gusta leer. ¿A Ud. le gusta jugar al fútbol y hacer ejercicio? ***Don’t forget the “personal a”!!!

All the prepositional forms can be used to emphasize the object pronoun form. Juan doesn’t like beans, but I do. A Juan no le gustan los frijoles, pero sí me gustan. a mí Notice that because Juan and I were stressed in the above sentence in English, we added the prepositional forms a Juan and a mí in Spanish to reflect that stress.

Le encantan las bananas. Since the third-person pronoun le can be ambiguous, it sometimes requires prepositional forms for clarification. Le encantan las bananas. Since le can represent a number of different people, we may need to add a prepositional form to avoid confusion. A él le encantan las bananas. A ella le encantan las bananas. A Luis le encantan las bananas. A Ud. le encantan las bananas.

¡Vamos a cantar! Me gusta cantar / bailar / contar / jugar. Me gusta means I like it, and Tú me gustas means that I like you! Me gusta leer / comer / reír / vivir

No me gusta… To make a “gustar” statement negative, place NO directly in front of the indirect object pronoun (me, te, le, nos, les). Examples: No me gusta estudiar. (A nosotros) no nos gusta el libro. ¿(A ti) no te gustan las ciencias? No me gustan las matemáticas.

¡Vamos a cantar! No me gusta cantar / bailar / contar / jugar. No me gusta means don’t like it, and Tú no me gustas means that I don’t like you! No me gusta leer / comer / reír / vivir

¡OJO! In some Spanish speaking countries it’s perfectly appropriate to use gustar + a person to say you like someone. (i.e. Tú me gustas = I like you) However, in other countries this is interpreted as attraction… so be careful!

¿Te gusta o no te gusta? Hold up the smiley face if you like the following things, and the frown if you don’t like them. ¡Me gusta! No me gusta.

¿Te gusta o no te gusta? la comida mexicana la comida italiana la comida americana la comida china

¿Te gusta o no te gusta? la música salsa la música jazz la música clásica la música country

¿Te gusta o no te gusta? bailar limpiar la casa estudiar viajar (travel)

Más expresiones ¡Me encanta! = I love it! ¡Lo odio! = I hate it!

Práctica ¿Qué te gusta? Decide whether or not you like these items and share your opinions. el centro estudiantil 5. aprender idiomas los sábados 6. el español vivir en un apartamento 7. correr las matemáticas 8. los libros de Twilight *Don’t forget to match gusta or gustan with the noun(s)/verb(s)

Respuestas – gusta or gustan gusta (+singular noun) 5. gusta (+verb) gustan (+plural noun) 6. gusta (+singular noun) gusta (+verb) 7. gusta (+verb) gustan (+plural noun) 8. gustan (+plural noun)

P. 198: Otros verbos There are many other verbs in Spanish which function like gustar (see list on p. 198). We’ll practice more with these next class. But for now, notice that: –ar verb endings: –a or –an –er or –ir verb endings: –e or -en

Many other verbs function like gustar These, too, are used with indirect object pronouns. aburrir to bore; to tire encantar to delight; to be extremely pleasing faltar to be lacking or needed fascinar to be fascinating interesar to be interesting molestar to be a bother or to annoy parecer to seem quedar to be left; to remain

FIN