Accuracy & Precision. Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Accuracy & Precision

Fundamental principle of measuring: No measurement is exact and the true value is never known Accuracy & Precision

Accuracy - degree of perfection obtained in a measurement. Accuracy is how close a measured value is to the actual (true) value. Precision - the closeness of one measurement to another, Precision is how close the measured values are to each other.

Precision refers to the repeatability of measurement. It does not require us to know the correct or true value. If each day for several years a clock reads exactly 10:17 AM when the sun is at the zenith, this clock is very precise.

The smaller the unit you use to measure with, the more precise the measurement is. In mathematics and physics, it is necessary to make measurements that are as precise as you can make them. This requires that you use measuring instruments with smaller units.

Target #1 This target grouping is accurate Accuracy - is how close a measured value is to the actual (true) value.

Target #2 This target grouping is precise Precision - is how close the measured values are to each other.

Target #3 This target grouping is accurate and precise Accuracy - degree of perfection obtained in a measurement Precision - the closeness of one measurement to another

Accuracy and Precision Better precision does not necessarily mean better accuracy

Examples The scales read "1 kg" when there is nothing on them You always measure your height wearing shoes with thick soles. A stopwatch that takes half a second to stop when clicked.

Error Source of Errors Personal Errors - no surveyor has perfect senses of sight and touch Instrument Errors - devices cannot be manufactured perfectly, wear and tear, and compatibility with other components Natural Errors - temperature, wind, moisture, magnetic variation, etc.

CONCEPTO DE ERROR Existen dos tipos de errores en el proceso de medición: 1.ERRORES SISTEMÁTICOS. Tienen que ver con la metodología del proceso de medida (forma de realizar la medida): Calibrado del aparato. Normalmente errores en la puesta a cero. En algunos casos errores de fabricación del aparato de medida que desplazan la escala. Error de paralaje: cuando un observador mira oblicuamente un indicador (aguja, superficie de un líquido,...) y la escala del aparato.

Errores accidentales o aleatorios. Se producen por causas difíciles de controlar: momento de iniciar una medida de tiempo, colocación de la cinta métrica, etc.

CONCEPTO DE INCERTIDUMBRE Las medidas exactas y precisas son una parte importante de las ciencias pero ninguna medición es absolutamente precisa. Existe una incertidumbre (duda) asociada con toda medición.

CALCULO DEL ERROR O INCERTIDUMBRE 1. INCERTIDUMBRE ABSOLUTA: Mínima división del instrumento Ejemplo: Medición de una longitud con una regla: L = 3.7 cm En este caso la incertidumbre absoluta de la longitud es 0.1 cm pues es la mínima división de una regla y se denota como ΔL. Se escribe entonces que: L ±ΔL= 3.7 ± 0.1 cm

INCERTIDUMBRE PORCENTUAL: Ejemplo: De acuerdo al ejemplo anterior si quiero sacar el porcentaje de error de esta medición (%ΔL) para determinar que tan precisa fue aplico la siguiente ecuación: Entonces para nuestra medición: Lo cual significa que el porcentaje de error o incertidumbre porcentual es 3%.