REPASO 14 MAR 2011 – DÍA 24 Neurolingüística del español SPAN 4270 Harry Howard Tulane University

ORGANIZACIÓN DEL CURSO Neurospan/ El curso es apto para un electivo en neurociencia. Neurolinguistics and linguistic aphasiology está en reserva en la biblioteca. Human Research Protection Program Before beginning research at Tulane University, all research personnel must complete the CITI Training Program; this can be completed at 03/14/11 2 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

REPASO 03/14/11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University 3

S UMMARY OF LATERALIZATION OF WORD SEMANTICS LHRH Quickly selects most familiar or dominant meaning (convergent processing) while suppressing other less closely related meanings Slowly selects multiple meanings (divergent processing) that are weakly associated Primes words that share many semantic features > closely associated words Primes words that share few semantic features > loosely associated words Primes the most frequent meaning of an ambiguous word Primes the less frequent meaning of an ambiguous word Automatic (unconscious) processing Consciously controlled and attentive processing 03/14/11 4 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

S UMMARY OF LATERALIZATION OF PHONOLOGY LHRH lexical, phrasal, clausal stress; lexical tone in Thai/Chinese sentence type emotional intonation categorical distinctionsgraded/continuous distinctions rapid cues > small window of temporal integration slow cues > large window of temporal integration high frequency: formantslow frequency: fundamental time-dependent and sequential, i.e. temporal order, sequence, and duration of sounds and of intervals between sounds time-independent, i.e. pitch and harmonic structure (spectral) > inability to perceive frequency- related information [temporal cues][spectral cues] 03/14/11 5 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

¿DEBE HABER UNA EXPLICACIÓN COMÚN PARA TODAS LAS DIFERENCIAS ENTRE LOS DOS HEMISFERIOS? HIHD fonología Factor AFactor B semántica léxica Factor CFactor D HIHD fonología Factor AFactor B semántica léxica Factor AFactor B Teoría 1Teoría 2 03/14/11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University 6 O sea, ¿cuál es la mejor, la teoría 1 o la 2?

RELACIONES CATEGÓRICAS O COORDINADAS EN LA VISIÓN ESPACIAL Categórica (el punto verde está sobre/debajo de la barra) Coordinada (el punto verde está cerca/lejos de la barra) 03/14/11 7 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

CODIFICACIÓN FINA O GRUESA HI: codificación fina – campos receptivos pequeños sin solapamiento HD: codificación gruesa – campos receptivos grandes con solapamiento 03/14/11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University neuronas indizan 9 regiones del campo visual neuronas indizan 8+ regiones del campo visual 2 2

UNA EXPLICACIÓN COMÚN PARA LA DIFERENCIAS ENTRE LOS DOS HEMISFERIOS Teoría 2 03/14/11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University 9 HIHD fonología codificación fina codificación gruesa semántica léxica codificación fina codificación gruesa

LA ORGANIZACIÓN SEMÁNTICA DEL LÉXICO Hoy es divertido pero desorganizado 03/14/11 10 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

GRANULARITY OF SEMANTIC PROCESSING (BEEMAN) On receipt of a word, the LH mediates focused activation of the limited subset of semantic content that is tied to the most frequent meaning or to the context at hand defined by precedent words or sentences. The activation concentrated on context-relevant content works to keep that meaning available for subsequent language comprehension. In contrast, on the receipt of a word, the RH characteristically generates diffuse activation related to the word's semantic content, including even weakly associated connotative components. In and of itself, the activation of a particular connotative association of a stimulus may not be strong enough to render that association available for conscious interpretation. 03/14/11 11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

FINE VS. COARSE SEMANTIC CODING … when people read or hear a word, the LH uses relatively fine semantic coding to quickly select a single relevant meaning or a few relevant features, discarding the others This makes the LH extremely adept for most language tasks. In contrast, the RH employs relatively coarse semantic coding to weakly activate several meanings and many features of the word, including features that are only distantly related to the input word, given the context. This makes the RH less adept at many language tasks because diffusely activated semantic fields provide only a coarse interpretation of an individual word's meaning. Diffusely activated semantic fields also provide a poor basis for selecting individual semantic representations, because activation is distributed over many representations, rather than one or a few representations being much more active than the others. 03/14/11 12 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

tiene morro chato tiene morro chato CODIFICACIÓN FINA O GRUESA HI: codificación fina – campos receptivos pequeños sin solapamiento HD: codificación gruesa – campos receptivos grandes con solapamiento 03/14/11 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University 13 se come en el des- ayuno es comes- tible vive en el campo Kevin Bacon tiene morro chato tiene el rabo corto dice "oink" tiene las patas cortas es gordo se come en el desayuno se come en el desayuno es comestible es comestible dice "oink" Kevin Bacon tiene morro chato tiene el rabo corto tiene las patas cortas es gordo

S UMMARY OF LATERALIZATION LH: fine codingRH: coarse coding No overlap & small receptive field → quickly selects most familiar or dominant meaning (convergent processing) while suppressing other less closely related meanings Much overlap & large receptive field → slowly selects multiple meanings (divergent processing) that are weakly associated No overlap → primes closely associated words Much overlap → primes loosely associated words No overlap → primes most frequent meaning (assumed to be most active) Much overlap → primes less frequent meanings (assumed to be less active) No overlap → categorical distinctions Much overlap → graded/continuous distinctions Small receptive field = small window of temporal integration → rapid cues Large receptive field = large window of temporal integration → slow cues Small receptive field = high frequencyLarge receptive field = low frequency 03/14/11 14 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University

EL PRÓXIMO DÍA Conceptos básicos de la morfología HOET §3.1 03/14/11 15 SPAN Harry Howard - Tulane University