The subjunctive (Or a journey into Bizarro World).

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(Or a journey into bizarro world)
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Transcripción de la presentación:

The subjunctive (Or a journey into Bizarro World)

Subjunctive vs. Indicative  Indicative: actual events or facts  Subjunctive: what a person does or doesn’t want, tell, or recommend someone else do. In general, the subjunctive refers to things that are doubtful or that may or may not happen.

Forming the subjunctive  Drop the “o” from the yo form and add the endings. For –ar verbs, add these endings HABLAR (to talk; speak)  Que hableque hablemos  Que hablesque habléis  Que hableque hablen

 For –er/-ir verbs, drop the “o” from the yo form and add the following endings comer (to eat)  Que comaque comamos  Que comasque comáis  Que comaque coman

 Example of –ir verb recibir (to receive)  Que recibaque recibamos  Que recibasque recibáis  Que recibaque reciban

Subjunctive of stem-changing verbs  Stem-changing –ar and –er verbs have stem changes in all but nosotros and vosotros forms.  Que puedaque podamos  Que puedasque podáis  Que puedaque puedan

Subjunctive of –ir stem changers  Stem changing –ir verbs have stem changes in all forms but nosotros and vosotros  AND they change e  i or o  u in nosotros and vosotros DORMIR (to sleep)  Que duermaque durmamos  Que duermasque durmáis  Que duermaque duerman

Subjunctive of –car, -gar, and -zar  The subjunctive form reflects the changes of the yo form preterite.  Que explique  Que paguemos  Que empiece*  Note that empezar takes both the stem-change and the spelling change.

Verbs irregular in the yo form present  Hacer-hag-ohaga  Tener-teng-otenga  Ver-ve-ovea  Espero que Ustedes tengan buenas notas.  These verbs aren’t actually irregular—they just look that way!

Yo forms of irregular subjunctive verbs that don’t follow the previous pattern.  Dardé, des, dé, demos, den  Irvaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayan  Sabersepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepan  Haberhaya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan  Estaresté, estés, esté, estemos, estén  Sersea, seas, sea, seamos, sean

Uses of the subjunctive  As negative tú commands, Usted and Ustedes commands ¿Recuerdas?  No hables  Hable Ud.  Hablen Uds.

 OFTEN (but not always) a sentence that includes the subjunctive has two parts connected by “que.” querer  Subject + decir + que + diff. subject + subjunctive recomendar sugerir

More influence  Other verbs that signal the subjunctive:  Exigir  Pedir  Insistir  And other verbs that indicate a request, wish, demand, command, etc.

And more influence  After impersonal expressions to specify who should do something.  Es importante que estudies mucho.  Es necesario que comas.

 Other impersonal expressions that signal the subjunctive:  Es necesario que, es importante que, es preciso que, no es fácil que, es tiempo de que, and es lástima que

Doubt and Denial  After verbs and expressions of doubt/uncertainty.  Dudo que tengamos un día de nieve.

 Other verbs and expressions of doubt/uncertainty  Dudar que, es posible que, es improbable que, no creer que, no estar seguro de que, es imposible que, es probable que, no es cierto que, es increíble que...

Non-existence  In adjective clauses that don’t have a specific person in mind or in which no one fits the bill. (nadie, nada, ninguna)  Necesitamos una persona que cocine bien.  No hay nadie quien enseñe como Señora Kilpatrick.

Emotion  Verbs and expressions of emotion if there are two different subjects.  Temo que ustedes no comprendan el subjunctivo.

More emotion  Other verbs and expressions of emotion:  Temer que, preocuparse que, es una lástima que, alegrarse de que, sentir que, tener miedo de que

Práctica 1. Necesitamos alguien que ____ bien. (cocinar) 2. Los estudiantes quieren una profesora que ____ simpática. (ser) 3. Mi hermano sabe un hombre que _____ bien. (bailar) 4. La escuela busca un estudiante que _____ bien. (dibujar) 5. Yo sé unos estudiantes que _____ bien. (cantar)

Aún más práctica 11. Temo que ustedes no _____ buenas notas en el examen final. (tener) 12. Me alegro de que el semestre _____ pronto. (terminar) 13. Es triste que el gato _____. (morir) 14. Es una lástima que nosotros no _____ ir a casa ahora. (poder) 15. Me molesta que algunos estudiantes no _____. (estudiar)

 After para que to explain why someone did something.  Enseño para que ustedes aprendan bien el idioma.

Stay tuned for other uses!  Dondequiera, cualquiera  E-S-C-A-P-A  Chad ate  We commands  Sea lo que sea  Tan + adj/adv + como

Más práctica 6. Iré a New Orleans cuando _____ tiempo. (tener) 7. Mi hermano va a trabajar en España cuando ____ español. (aprender) 8. Todos los días hago la tarea cuando _____ tiempo. (tener) 9. Podemos empezar cuando _____ la profesora. (regresar) 10. Compraré un carro nuevo cuando _____ dinero. (tener)

Ojalá que  “Ojalá” is an important expression, especially among Spaniards. This expression literally means “Allah grant that,” and it is used in the English equivalent of “May it be so.”  Ojalá que ustedes tengan una vida rica con mucha felicidad.