EL PRETÉRITO vs EL IMPERFECTO Narrating in the Past.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

EL PRETÉRITO vs EL IMPERFECTO Narrating in the Past

The PRETERIT is used to describe: The PRETERIT is one of several past tenses.

Simple or isolated actions. La señora compró un kilo de papas. ¿Qué hicieron los vecinos cuando vieron al ladrón? ¡ Llamaron a la policía inmediatamente!

Actions that occurred during or at a specific time. Pasamos las vacaciones de verano en Puerto Rico. Luis se lastimó la pierna en el juego de anoche.

Actions that were repeated a specific number of times or actions that occurred in a sequence. La semana pasada llegué tarde a la clase cinco veces. Ana se resbaló, se cáyó y se torció el tobillo.

Main actions and events. Hubo un accidente en la Calle Ocho. El joven del carro azul se pasó el alto. El chofer del autobus no pudo parar. Muchos niños se lastimaron.

An action that interrupted an ongoing action. Mirábamos una película emocionante cuando se fue la luz.

Common expressions used with the preterit: Una vez - Once El (la) … pasado(a) – Last … Ayer - Yesterday Anoche – Last night En ese momento – At that moment De pronto, de repente - Suddenly A la(s) … / Al … - At (time) …

Generally speaking, THE PRETERIT describes an action completed in the past. It is usually translated as did+verb (did+see=saw; did+study=studied). It answers the questions “What did you do? What happened?”

The IMPERFECT is used to describe: The IMPERFECT is another past tense.

Habitual and repeated actions. Los veranos íbamos a visitar a abuelita. Juan y Marta se veían todos los días. Yo jugaba afuera en la nieve.

Actions in progress (without a specific beginning or end). Anoche yo miraba/veía una película porque no podía dormir. Todos limpiábamos la casa. Carmen estudiaba mientras Adriana tocaba el piano.

The background and circumstances of a main action, including: Time/date and weather Descriptions, including age. Physical, emotional, and mental states, (attitudes & beliefs).

Other external circumstances and actions in progress surrounding a main event. Eran las diez de la noche. Hacía mucho viento. Los niños tenían mucho miedo porque estaban solos en la casa. La casa estaba muy fría.

An action that was interrupted by an occurrence in the preterit. Mirábamos una película emocionante cuando se fue la luz.

Common expressions used with the imperfect: Siempre / nunca – Always / Never Todo(a)s lo(a)s … - Every … A menudo - Often Generalmente - Generally Con frecuencia – Frequently; often Muchas veces- Many (a lot of) times Pocas veces – A few times De vez en cuando – Once in a while Raras veces - Rarely Mientras - While

Generally speaking, THE IMPERFECT describes ongoing actions or conditions in the past WITHOUT focusing on their beginning or end. It is usually translated as used to+verb or was/were + ing verb (used to visit; was visiting). It answers the questions “What were you doing? What was going on?”