Apuntas de repaso Explanation and conjugations of Present Tense verbs Fecha: Hoy es martes 21 de agosto del 2012

Present tense Notes 1.Present tense A verb is a word that expresses an action, an occurrence, or a state of being. All Spanish verbs belong to one of three categories, according to the infinitive, -ar, -er, or –ir verbs. How to form regular verbs: 1: drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) 2: add the appropriate present tense endings to match the subject. -ar verb endings-er endings-ir endings o as a amos an áis oo es ee emosimos éisís en

How do you write a sentence using ar, er, and ir ending verbs; 1.Yo bailo todos los días Yo is the subject pronoun bailo is the conjugated verb Todos los días is the rest of the sentence Bailar is the infinitive of the conjugated verb bailo.

How do you write a sentence using ar, er, and ir ending verbs; 1.Yo bailo todos los días Yo is the subject pronoun bailo is the conjugated verb Todos los días is the rest of the sentence Bailar is the infinitive of the conjugated verb bailo.

Continuation of notes When to use it The present tense forms of Spanish verbs express both the English present tense (I walk) Yo hablo and the English present progressive (I am walking) Yo estoy hablando. Spanish Present tense forms also include the auxiliary verb do/does that English uses in questions and negative sentences. Do/does are not expressed in Spanish before another verb

Continuation of notes Indicates: A) an action or state of being at the present time. Examples: 1. Hablo español I speak Spanish, I am speaking Spanish, I do speak Spanish 2. Creo en Dios I believe in God

Continuation of notes B) Habitual action Example: Voy a la biblioteca todos los días I go to the library every day I do go to the library every day. C). A general truth, something which is permanently true Examples : 1) Seis menos dos son cuatro. Six minus two are four 2) El ejercicio hace maestro al novicio. Practice makes perfect.

Continuation of notes D) Vividness when talking about past events. Example: El asesino se pone pálido. Tiene miedo. Sale de la casa y corre a lo largo del río. The murderer turns pale. He is afraid. He goes out of the house and runs along the river. e) A near future. Examples: 1. Mi hermano llega mañana. My brother arrives tomorrow. 2. ¿Escuchamos un disco ahora? Shall we listen to a record now?

Continuation of notes Types of irregular verbs – -oy verbs - These verbs are irregular in the yo form (and possibly other forms). The yo form ends in “oy” Examples: ser, ir, dar, estar (best to just memorize these verbs and their forms) – Stem changers (aka shoe verbs) – These verbs have a change in the stem (what’s left after removing the –ar, -er, or –ir) There are 4 types: – e-ie (tener, querer, comenzar, etc.) – e-I (decir, pedir,seguir etc.) – o-ue (dormir, poder, etc.) – u-ue (jugar) Steps to form them: 1: Chopsuey 2: Switch-a-roonie 3: schmoosh

Continuation of notes – “-go” verbs – These verbs are irregular in the yo form (and possibly other forms). The yo form ends in “go” Examples: poner, salir, hacer, traer, venir, decir, oír, seguir Another type of verbs – Reflexives – A verb is reflexive when the subject and the object are the same. In other words, when the subject does something to himself. – When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in "se."

Continuation of notes To learn to conjugate reflexive verbs, you need a different set of pronouns called "reflexive pronouns." These pronouns are positioned before the verb, while the ending "se" is dropped and the verb is conjugated normally. The reflexive pronouns are not subject pronouns; rather they are object pronouns. The purpose of the reflexive object pronouns is to show that the action of the verb remains with the subject.

Continuation of notes me (myself) te (yourself) se (himself, herself, yourself) nos (ourselves) os (yourselves) se (themselves, yourselves) To conjugate a reflexive verb: 1.Remove the “se” 2.Rearrange – move the “se” to the front of the verb 3.Make a change – change the “se” to match the subject 4.Chopsuey – remove the –ar,-er, or –ir 5.Switch-a-roonie – make a stem change if necessary 6.Schmoosh – add the correct ending to match the subject Lav se mearo(yo)(tú)ac o st ar se te ue as

Continuation of notes When two verbs are used together, the first verb is conjugated and the second verb is left in the infinitive form. (big brother-little brother verbs) – Example: I want to eat.Quiero comer. When the 2 nd verb is reflexive, change the “se” to match the subject, but leave it at the end of the verb. – Example: I need to go to bedNecesito acostarme

Present Tense Conjugations

1 1. To talk, to speak Hablar Hablo Hablas Habla Hablamos Hablan Habláis

2 1. To eatcomer Como comes come comemos coméis comen

3 1. To livevivir vivo vives vive vivimos vivís viven

4 1. To beser soy eres es somos son sois

5 1. To beEstar Estoy Estás EstáEstán Estamos Estáis

6 1. To goir voy vas va vamos vais van

7 1. To give, to throw(a party) dar doy das da damos dan dais

8 1. To seever veo ves ve vemos ven véis

9 1. To readleer leo lees lee leemos leéis leen

10 1. To paypagar pago pagas paga pagamos pagan pagáis

11 1. To touch, to play (an instrument) tocar toco tocas toca tocamos tocan tocáis

12 1. To learnaprender aprendo aprendes aprende aprendemos aprenden aprendéis

13 1. To havetener tengo tienes tienetienen tenemos tenéis

14 1. To want, to wish, To love querer quiero quieres quiere quieren queremos queréis

15 1. To begincomenzar comienzo comienzas comienzacomienzan comenzamos comenzáis

16 1. To sleepdormir duermo duermes duermeduermen dormimos dormís

17 1. To be able to, can poder podemos Podéis puedo puedes puedepueden

18 1. To put, to placeponer pongo pones pone ponemos ponéis ponen

19 1. To leave, to go out salir salgo sales sale salimos salís salen

20 1. To do, to makehacer hago haces hace hacemos hacéis hacen

21 1. To bringtraer traigo traes trae traemos traéis traen

22 1. To comeVenir Vengo Vienes viene Venimos Venís vienen

23 1. To knowsaber sé sabes sabe sabemos sabéis saben

24 1. To know, to be familiar with conocer conozco conoces conoce conocemos conocéis conocen

25 1. To wash one’s self Lavarse Me lavo Te lavas Se lava Nos lavamos Os laváis Se lavan

26 1. To go to bedacostarse Me acuesto Te acuestas Se acuesta Nos acostamos Os acostáis Se acuestan

27 1. To enjoy one’s self, To have a good time divertirse me divierto te diviertes se divierte nos divertimos os divertís se divierten

28 1. To walk andan ando andas anda andamos andar andáis

29 1. To say, to telldecir digo dices dice decimos decís dicen

30 1. To ask for, to request pedir pido pides pide pedimos pedís piden

31 1. To follow, to continue seguir sigo sigues sigue seguimos seguís siguen

31 1. To hearoír oigo oyes oye oímos oís oyen