PRESENT TENSES -AR verbs. ENGLISH USAGE Expresses current action. Take off the –ar, -er, -ir and add the endings listed in the tables at the left. We talk– Hablamos. We eat – Comemos. We live – Vivimos. oamos asáis aan oimos esís een oemos eséis een -ER verbs. -IR verbs.

PROGRESSIVE TENSES conjugate ESTAR ENGLISH USAGE am, is, was + ‘ing’ verb I am talking – Estoy hablando I am eating – Estoy comiendo I was talking – Estaba hablando I was eating – Estaba comiendo estoyestamos estásestáis estáestán estabaestabamos estabasestabais estabaestaban To form the ‘ing’, take off the –AR and add –ando. Take off the –ER or –IR and add –iendo.

PERFECT TENSES conjugate HABER ENGLISH USAGE Has, have, had + verb I have talked– He hablado I have eaten– He comido I had talked – Había hablado I had eaten – Había comido hehemos hashais hahan haíahabíamos habías habíahabían To form the verb, take off the –AR and add –ado; Take off the –ER or –IR and add –ido. Irregular: ver (visto); poner (puesto); decir (dicho); morir (muerto)

PAST TENSE - IMPERFECT -AR verbs. Take off –ar and add ENGLISH USAGE Expresses past action that was habitual or ongoing. No definitive beginning or ending. EXAMPLES: I used to talk. (Yo hablaba.) I ate chicken every day. (Yo comía pollo todos los días) abaábamos abasabais abaaban íaíamos íasíais íaían -ER/-IR verbs. Take off –er/-ir and add

PAST TENSE - PRETERITE -AR verbs. Take off –ar and add ENGLISH USAGE Expresses past action that had a definite beginning and end. EXAMPLES: I talked last night (Yo hablé anoche.) I ate chicken yesterday. (Yo comí pollo ayer) éamos asteasteis óaron íimos isteisteis ióieron -ER/-IR verbs. Take off –er/-ir and add

FUTURE TENSE Leave the infinitive and add: ENGLISH USAGE will + verb I will talk– hablaré I will eat – comeré – Future tense can also be formed by using ‘ir + a + infinitive’ I am going to talk – Voy a hablar. éemos áséis áán IRREGULAR STEMS: -venir (vendr-) -tener (tendr-) -salir (saldr-) -poder (podr-) -poner (pondr-) -saber- (sabr-) -querer (querr-)

CONDITIONAL TENSE Leave the infinitive and add: ENGLISH USAGE would + verb I would talk– hablaría I would eat - comería íaíamos íasíais íaían IRREGULAR STEMS: -venir (vendr-) -tener (tendr-) -salir (saldr-) -poder (podr-) -poner (pondr-) -saber- (sabr-) -querer (querr-)

SUBJUNCTIVE TENSE Use the ‘yo’ present tense form and flip the vowel! ENGLISH USAGE Used in 2 nd clauses that indicate doubt, hope, uncertainty, etc. I hope she talks – Espero que hable I doubt she eats – Dudo que coma. COMMAND S The subjunctive is used to form imperative expressions for all pronouns except TU POSITIVE commands. -Speak! Hablen! -Don’t eat! ¡No coman! TU positive commands don’t flip the vowel and don’t use an ‘s’