Seguridad de las herramientas motorizadas Slide Show Notes This training session discusses safety when using portable power tools. As we will see, using portable power tools can be hazardous if you do not use them safely, but there are a number of safety guidelines you can follow to prevent injuries.
Objetivos de la sesión Usted podrá: Identificar los peligros de las herramientas portátiles motorizadas Tomar precauciones para prevenir lesiones Usar los resguardos de la herramienta en forma eficaz Comprender las prácticas comunes de seguridad para tipos específicos de herramientas Slide Show Notes The objective of this session is to provide important information about power tool safety. Specifically, by the end of the session, you will be able to: Identify the hazards of portable power tools; Take precautions against injury; Use tool guards effectively and correctly; and Understand common safety practices for specific types of tools.
Tipos de herramientas portátiles motorizadas Eléctricas Neumáticas (aire) Combustible líquido Hidráulicas Accionadas por pólvora Slide Show Notes There are many types of portable power tools, using different sources of energy. Regardless of the type of tool, they all present dangers because of their power, speed, and sharp edges. Different types of power tools include: Electric; Pneumatic, or air-powered; Liquid fuel, such as gasoline; Hydraulic; and Powder-actuated. Modify this slide to include the types of portable power tools used at your facility. Demonstrate for trainees the various safety features of your facility’s power tools.
Peligros de las herramientas motorizadas Golpes provocados por partículas voladoras Golpes provocados por una parte rota de la herramienta Perforaciones con una herramienta punzante Explosión o incendio cuando las chispas encienden materiales inflamables o combustibles Descarga eléctrica provocada por un cable de electricidad deshilachado o defectuoso Trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) provocados por el mal uso repetitivo de una herramienta Slide Show Notes There is a wide variety of power tool hazards, as well. It’s often easy to ignore these possible hazards, by thinking that you already know how to use the tool properly. But it’s important to recognize hazards such as the following: Being hit by flying debris; Being hit by a broken tool part; Puncturing yourself with a sharp tool; An explosion or fire when sparks from a tool ignite flammable or combustible materials; Electric shock from a frayed or defective power cord; or Musculoskeletal disorders, known as “MSDs,” from repetitive misuse of a tool, such as using an awkward grip or working in an awkward position.
Precauciones generales Nunca traslade una herramienta ni la desenchufe por el cable o la manguera Desconéctelas cuando no se utilicen Asegúrese de que los espectadores se encuentren a una distancia prudencial Sujete el trabajo con un torno de banco, abrazaderas u otro apoyo Mantenga los cables y las mangueras lejos del calor, los líquidos y los bordes filosos Examine las herramientas antes de cada uso Slide Show Notes On this and the following slide, we’ll list several of the general precautions to keep in mind for operating power tools. Never carry a tool by the cord or hose, or yank the plug by the cord. This can damage the cord and lead to a fire. Disconnect tools when not in use to prevent accidental start-up. Make sure observers stay a safe distance away from you when you are using a power tool. Anyone who is too close may be hit by flying debris. Secure your work with a vise, clamp, or other support. Moving or unstable work surfaces can cause the tool to kick back and injure you. Keep cords and hoses away from heat, liquids, and sharp edges that might damage them and increase the risk of fire or shock. Examine tools before each use to make sure they are not damaged. A damaged power tool can create many hazards, from electric shock to the possibility of a flying part. Modify this and the subsequent slide to describe specific precautions related to power tools at your facility.
Precauciones generales (cont.) Mantenga las herramientas para cortar afiladas y lubricadas No use ropas sueltas, corbatas ni alhajas Átese por detrás el cabello largo Marque o etiquete todas las herramientas averiadas con una nota que lea: "No utilizar” Use siempre el equipo de protección personal (PPE) adecuado para el trabajo Use cortinas para fuego cerca de los combustibles Slide Show Notes More important general precautions are: Keep cutting tools sharp and lubricated to make sure they work properly. Do not wear loose clothes, ties, or jewelry when operating power tools. These can get caught in moving parts and lead to serious injury. Tie back long hair, for the same reason. Mark or tag all damaged tools with “Do Not Use.” Always wear personal protective equipment, or PPE, that is appropriate for the hazards of the work you are doing. Finally, use fire curtains for work you are doing around flammables. Make sure you have permits that might be needed, and take precautions before you start to work.
Resguardos de las herramientas Los resguardos protegen de: Peligros del punto de operación Puntos de agarre Partes giratorias Partículas o chispas voladoras Slide Show Notes Tool guards are important safety features of most power tools. Guards are there to protect you from: Point of operation hazards—that is, the point where the work is actually being performed, as where the blade of a saw meets the material; Nip points—where moving parts of a tool might catch a hand or finger; Rotating parts of all kinds, such as a saw blade; and Flying chips or sparks.
Partes con resguardo Engranajes, piñones y transmisiones por cadena Bandas y poleas de transmisión, poleas y tambores Las partes giratorias u oscilantes peligrosas Los ejes y extremos expuestos de los ejes Aros y acoples Slide Show Notes The parts of a power tool that must always be guarded include: Gears, sprockets, and sprocket drive chains; Belt and pulley drives, pulleys, and drums; Hazardous revolving or reciprocating parts; Exposed shafts and projecting shaft ends; and Collars, clutches, and couplings. Modify this and the subsequent slide to describe or illustrate the guards for tools used in your facility. Bring tools that have guards on them, such as a circular saw, into the class and demonstrate how they operate.
Protéjase: use los resguardos Nunca opere una herramienta que no tenga el resguardo en su lugar Use el resguardo provisto por el fabricante de la herramienta Nunca quite ni desactive los resguardos Denuncie cualquier resguardo que falte, esté roto o desactivado Slide Show Notes Protect yourself from possible serious injury by always using guards on portable power tools. Follow these safety rules related to guards: Never operate a tool without its guard in place. Use the guard supplied by the tool manufacturer. If one is not available, get approval from your supervisor to adapt or construct another one that provides good protection. Never remove or disable a guard, or try to defeat its intended purpose in any way. Finally, report any missing, broken, or disabled guards to your supervisor.
Seguridad con las herramientas eléctricas Opere las herramientas dentro de las limitaciones del diseño Use guantes y calzado adecuados Guarde las herramientas en un lugar seco No las utilice en lugares mojados o húmedos Las áreas de trabajo deben estar bien iluminadas Slide Show Notes Electric tool safety is a critically important consideration in using these tools properly. Misusing an electric-powered tool can result in electrical shock or electrocution, in addition to other power tool hazards. So keep these safety rules in mind for electric power tools: Operate electric tools within their design limitations – don’t try to make them do a job they are not intended to do. Wear appropriate gloves and footwear that are insulated to resist electric shock. Store tools in a dry location; moisture can cause a shock. Do not use them in wet or damp locations; again, moisture can affect the electric circuit on a tool, resulting in a shock as well as damage to the tool. Finally, work areas should always be well lighted. Hazards are increased when operators cannot see the work they are doing.
Seguridad con la afiladora eléctrica Use siempre protección ocular Apague el suministro de energía cuando no la use Nunca sujete una afiladora manual a un torno de banco Slide Show Notes A power grinder is a good example of some of the safety considerations that are needed for portable power tools. Here are some safety rules for power grinders: Always use eye protection when using a power grinder. For some grinding operations, it may be necessary to wear full face protection in the form of a face shield with safety glasses underneath. Turn off the power when the grinder is not in use, to avoid an inadvertent start-up. Never clamp a hand-held grinder in a vise. It could shake loose and cause a serious injury.
Seguridad con las herramientas neumáticas Use siempre protección ocular y auditiva Asegúrese de que las conexiones de la manguera de aire estén seguras Asegúrese de que la grapa de seguridad para los accesorios esté instalada y segura Use pantallas para proteger a los trabajadores que estén cerca Nunca apunte a nadie con la herramienta Slide Show Notes Pneumatic tool safety is important because of the risk of serious injury from being struck by an object with extreme force. When using pneumatic tools: Always wear eye and hearing protection. Full face protection is also recommended. Make sure that air hose connections are secure – check them before using the tool. Ensure that the safety clip, or retainer, for attachments is installed and secure. You do not want attachments, such as chisels on a chipping hammer, to be shot unintentionally. Use screens to protect nearby workers from being struck by flying fragments when using such tools as chippers, riveting guns, power staplers, or air drills. Finally, never point a pneumatic tool toward anyone, including yourself.
Las herramientas accionadas por pólvora No las utilice en un ambiente explosivo o inflamable Inspeccione la herramienta antes de usarla Nunca apunte a nadie con la herramienta Sólo cargue la herramienta cuando la vaya a utilizar Mantenga las manos alejadas del extremo del cañón Slide Show Notes Safety with powder-actuated tools is extremely important. These tools are not guns, but they can cause damage like guns. Remember to read and follow the manufacturer’s operation manual before using powder-actuated tools, and if you haven’t been trained, you shouldn’t use them at all. Basic safety rules for powder-actuated tools include: Do not use them in an explosive or flammable atmosphere. Inspect the tool prior to use to make sure it is not damaged and will work properly. Never point the tool at anyone. Load the tool only when it is going to be used. Finally, keep your hands clear of the barrel end of the tool.
Seguridad con el gato Arme el gato de modo que la base descanse sobre una superficie firme y nivelada Asegúrese de que el gato esté centrado Asegúrese de que la cabeza del gato esté contra una superficie nivelada Confirme que la fuerza de levantamiento se aplique en forma pareja Slide Show Notes Basic guidelines for jack safety include: Set up the jack so that the base rests on a firm, level surface, if at all possible. Make sure the jack is centered, to prevent tipping. Ensure that the jack head is against a level surface—if the jack head slips, the object being jacked can fall. And, be certain that the lift force is applied evenly. During the actual “jacking” of the object, keep your body out from behind the jacking mechanism.
Interruptores de seguridad Encendido-apagado definitivo Lijadoras de cinta, lijadoras de disco y moledoras con discos de menos de 2 pulgadas de diámetro, cizallas y caladoras Encendido-apagado momentáneo Taladros; tarrajadoras; sujetadoras motorizadas; afiladoras horizontales, verticales y angulares; lijadoras de disco y cinta; y sierras recíprocas y sable. Interruptor de presión constante (auto desconexión) Sierras circulares y de cadena Slide Show Notes Safety switches are a feature of most portable power tools. They allow the tool to be turned off quickly to help prevent, or at least minimize, the chance of serious injury. Here are some common types of safety switches: Positive on-off switches are found on small hand-held power tools, such as platen sanders, disc sanders, grinders with less than 2-inch diameter discs, shears, and scroll saws. Momentary on-off switches allow the tool to be turned off by a single motion of the same finger or fingers that turn it on. Tools with this type of switch typically include drills; tappers; fastener drivers; horizontal, vertical, and angle grinders; disc and belt sanders; and reciprocating and saber saws. A constant pressure switch with automatic shutoff requires constant pressure on the trigger mechanism; when the mechanism is released, the power shuts off automatically. Tools with this type of safety switch include circular saws and chain saws. Modify this slide to describe the types of safety switches on tools at your facility.
¿Qué está mal en esta imagen? El empleado cortaba madera laminada con una sierra circular Mantiene pegado con cinta adhesiva el resguardo Sujeta la madera La sierra se atasca e impacta hacia atrás La sierra golpeó al empleado en el abdomen y le dejó una herida de 10 pulgadas Slide Show Notes Here’s an exercise to test your general knowledge of portable power tool safety. It is based on an actual workplace accident that was inspected and documented by OSHA. Can you tell what’s wrong with this picture? An employee is cutting plywood with a circular saw: He tapes back the lower blade guard so that it no longer automatically closed over the lower part of the blade when the plywood was not actually being cut. He holds the wood with one hand while placing the other end of the wood on the ground; this allows him to operate the circular saw with one hand. The saw catches in the wood and kicks back. The saw hits the man in the abdomen with the unguarded saw blade, leaving a 10-inch laceration that required a large number of stitches.
¿Qué provocó el accidente? Slide Show Notes What caused this accident? There are many possible reasons: First, the guarding for the saw was disabled. The guard probably got caught in the wood when cutting at a downward angle. The employee had probably cut wood this way before, so maybe he assumed it was safe. Second, the piece of plywood was not in a safe position for cutting. To hold the wood in an upright position, he probably exerted a lot of downward pressure, which may have put too much pressure on the blade and caused it to kick back. Third, the employee did not have both hands on the saw, so it was impossible to control it when it kicked back. Finally, it’s possible that the saw blade was dull, which could have contributed to it catching in the wood.
¿Qué debería haberse hecho? ¿Cómo podría haber cortado la tabla este trabajador en forma segura? ¿Qué tipo de PPE debería usarse? Slide Show Notes What should have been done in this incident? Think for a moment about the safe actions that the employee could have taken. For example, how could this worker have cut the board safely? When using a circular saw, the wood should have been laid flat across sawhorses or on a cutting table. In this position, the guard would have moved out of the way as it was designed to—he would not have felt the need to tape it back. He also would have been in a better position to control the saw, with both hands on it, even if the saw had kicked back. Further, the worker should have inspected the blade first to make sure it was in good condition before using it. Blades should be sharp and have no signs of damage, or they are more likely to produce a kickback. What type of PPE should have been worn? It would have been a good idea to wear gloves, to improve grip and guard against splinters. The worker also should have worn protective eyewear, to protect his eyes against flying chips.
¿Preguntas? ¿Entiende la información sobre las herramientas portátiles motorizadas? Slide Show Notes Do you understand the material on portable power tools? Now it’s time to ask yourself if you understand the material presented. It is important that you understand how to operate portable power tools safely.
Puntos clave para recordar Realice el mantenimiento de todas las herramientas en forma regular Use la herramienta adecuada para el trabajo Antes de usarla examine cada herramienta para verificar si está averiada Opere las herramientas de acuerdo con las instrucciones del fabricante Use el equipo de protección personal adecuado Slide Show Notes Key points to remember about this training session include the following: Keep all portable power tools regularly maintained to make certain they are in good condition. Use the right tool for the job. Trying to force a tool to do a job it wasn’t designed for is an invitation to an accident. Examine each tool for damage before use. If it appears to be damaged, don’t use it. Operate tools according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Use the right personal protective equipment to help protect against injury. This concludes the training session on Portable Power Tool Safety. Display or pass around some examples of operation manuals for various tools used at your facility. If tool inspection sheets are available, pass sample around to the group. Give trainees the quiz, if appropriate.