The Imperative Formal Commands in Spanish

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Transcripción de la presentación:

The Imperative Formal Commands in Spanish Español 1

Commands in English… … are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since it’s always “you”) to tell people what they should do: Stand up! Sit down! Do your homework! Take out the garbage! Be quiet!

Commands in English… … and what they shouldn’t do: Don’t write in your books! Don’t speak English in Spanish class! Don’t be silly!

Commands in Spanish… … are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”: Tú: informal, singular Vosotros: informal, plural Ud.: formal, singular Uds.: formal, plural However, we will concentrate on the formal commands only.

Let’s look at a few examples! Hable despacio, por favor. ¡Repita, por favor.! Siéntese Ud. aquí. Entreguen Uds. la tarea. Hagan el ejercicio B. No hagan el ejercicio A. ¡No se levante Ud.! ¡No corran en la clase!

Regular Formal commands (affirmative AND negative) Start with the form of the verb Drop the 3. Then put on the yo O. opposite personal ending. (Ud./Uds./Nosotros)

Formal Commands (+/-) -ar verbs -er/-ir verbs Ud. Nosotros Uds. habl E corr A corr habl AMOS EMOS corr habl AN EN

Let’s try a couple! Comer: ¡______ Ud.! ¡Coma Ud.! Escribir: ¡_____ Ud.! ¡Escriba Ud.! Tomar: ¡_____ Ud.! ¡Tome Ud.! Entregar: ¡_____ la tarea! ¡Entregue la tarea! Note the spelling change because of the final –g sound.

Uds… Entreguen Uds. la tarea. Right! Just add an –N to the command form when you are talking to more than one person.

Let’s try a couple more! Comer: ¡______ Uds.! ¡Coman Uds.! Escribir: ¡_____ Uds.! ¡Escriban Uds.! Tomar: ¡_____ Uds.! ¡Tomen Uds.! Comenzar: ¡_____ el examen! ¡Comiencen el examen! Note the spelling change because of the final –z.

-car, -gar, -zar verbs Verbs that end in –car will have a spelling change in which the changes to Verbs that end in –gar will have a spelling change in which the changes to Verbs that end in –zar will have a spelling change in which the changes to C QU G GU Z C

Práctica ¡Salgan! ¡No escriban! ¡Apague! ¡No ponga! ¡Empiecen! ¡No hablemos! ¡Cantemos! ¡No jueguen! ¡Comamos!

Commands in Spanish… -- Ud.: formal, singular -- Uds.: formal, plural For this lesson will concentrate on the formal commands only. -- Ud.: formal, singular -- Uds.: formal, plural

Start with the form of the verb Drop the 3. Then put on the yo HOW DO WE FORM COMMANDS Regular Formal commands (affirmative AND negative) Start with the form of the verb Drop the 3. Then put on the yo O. opposite personal ending. (Ud./Uds./Nosotros)

Formal Commands (+/-) -ar verbs -er/-ir verbs Ud. Uds. habl E corr EN

“IR” Stem-changers (O-UE Verbs) DORMIR MORIR Ud. (no) duerma Ud (no) muera Uds. (no) duerman Uds (no) mueran

Some irregulars What would a lesson be without a few irregulars to make it interesting?? Can you guess where these forms come from? Haga la tarea. Tenga paciencia. Salga ahora. Vuelva a casa. Piense bien. ¡Sé bueno! ¡Esté tranquila!

¿Qué pasa? Haga la tarea. Tenga paciencia. Salga ahora. Vuelva a casa. *These verbs are only irregular in the “yo” form of the present tense.* Haga la tarea. (TO DO) Hacer > yo hago > -o + -a Tenga paciencia. (TO HAVE) Tener > yo tengo > -o + -a Salga ahora. (TO GO OUT) Salir > yo salgo > - o + -a Vuelva a casa. - (TO RETURN) Volver > yo vuelvo > -o + -a Piense bien. (TO THINK) Pensar > yo pienso > -o + -e These verbs follow the same formula: start with the yo form, drop the –o, and add the opposite vowel.

Sé, esté, dé, sepa, vaya These five verbs are very irregular for a good reason: TO BE: Ser > yo soy – sea(n) TO BE: Estar > yo estoy -este(n) TO GIVE: Dar > yo doy -de(n) TO KNOW: Saber > yo sé -sepa(n) TO GO: Ir > yo voy -vaya (n) The yo form does not end in an –o, so there is no –o to drop when forming the command form.

¡Terminemos por ahora! That’s all for now, but learn this concept well – the command form will be very important when we learn about our last verb form this semester – the subjunctive.

PRACTICE 1. Buy the book. (comprar) __________ Ud. el libro. 2. Bring the food. (traer) __________ Uds. la comida. 3. Don't cry so much. (llorar) No ___________ Ud. tanto. 4. Don't smoke here, please. (fumar) No ___________ Uds. aquí, por favor. 5. Read the book. (leer) Ud. __________el libro. 6. Go with her. (ir) _____________Uds. con ella. . 7. Dial the number. (marcar) _____________ Ud. el número. 8. Don't sleep. (dormir) No ___________ Uds. 9. Stir the rice. (agitar) __________ Ud. el arroz. 10. Listen, please. (oír) ___________ Ud., por favor. 11. Turn left. (doblar) ___________Ud. a la izquierda. 12. Open your books. (abrir) ____________Uds. sus libros. .