Cancela, JM. Ayán C. University Of Vigo

Throughout history the definition of learning has been conceptualized in many different ways depending on the trend approaching the idea. Eight trends related to pedagogical importance. These theories include: 1) Behaviourist Theories, 2) Cognitive Theories, 3) Adam’s Synergistic Theory, 4) Learning Classification according to Gagné, 5) Rogers’s Humanist Theory, 6) Neurophysiological Theories, 7) Information Theories, 8) Constructivist Approach.

Learning and error are two concepts which are closely connected in the teaching-learning process. It must be highlighted that errors do not randomly appear, but they arise within a consistent conceptual context, based on previously acquired skills and knowledge. Every learning process may potentially generate errors due to different causes; being some of them inevitable. This research was proposed based on cognitive theories, learning by imitation and error detection. Two different methodological interventions were developed for the learning by imitation of the crawl swimming style, with the aim of assessing the influence of the error detection on learning through the intervention of a third person.

Data collection was carried out at the end of the term through an individualized written test, consisting of 9 questions specifically related to the front crawl swimming technique, as well as a technical performance test, which was assessed though 9 parameters. Maximum score was 9 and minimum score was for both written and practical tests. A descriptive analysis of the theoretical and practical data was carried out through means and standard deviations. Inferential analysis was accomplished through the Mann-Whitney U test, since the sample did not present a normal distribution (P<0.05; Kolmogorov-Smirnof).

Learning of the front crawl swimming technique among undergraduate students becomes reinforced if the learner previously identifies the errors that must be eliminated through a self-observation technique. Future studies should be carried out among other populations and should focus on the learning of other sports.

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Cancela, Ayán C.