THE VERBS SALIR, DECIR, AND VENIR P. 155 Realidades 2

Verbs Salir, Decir and Venir  You already know four -er verbs that have a yo form that ends in -go.  Tener: yo tengo  Hacer: yo hago  Poner: yo pongo  Traer: yo traigo

Verbs Salir, Decir and Venir  Salir “to leave, go out,” decir “to say, to tell,” and venir “to come” are irregular -ir verbs.  They also have a yo form that ends in -go.

SALIR Yosalgo Túsales Él Ellasale Ud. Nosotros salimos Vosotros salís Ellos Ellas salen Uds.

DECIR Yodigo Túdices Él Elladice Ud. Nosotros decimos Vosotros decís Ellos Ellas dicen Uds.

VENIR Yovengo Túvienes Él Ellaviene Ud. Nosotros venimos Vosotros venís Ellos Ellas vienen Uds.

Verbs Salir, Decir and Venir  Note that salir is irregular only in the yo form; decir follows a pattern similar to that of e > i stem-changing verbs; and venir follows a pattern similar to that of e > i stem-changing verbs.

DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS: ME, TE, NOS P. 166 Realidades 2

DOP: Me, Te, Nos  You know that direct object pronouns replace direct object nouns.  The Direct object pronouns lo, la, los, and las can refer to both objects and people.

DOP: Me, Te, Nos  The pronouns me, te, nos, and os refer only to people.  Here are all the direct object pronouns:

DOP: Me, Te, Nos Singularme teyou (inf.) lohim, it you (f.) laher, it you (f.) Plural nosus osyou (inf.) losthem, you lasthem, you

DOP: Me, Te, Nos  Remember that in Spanish the subject and the verb ending tell who does the action and the direct object pronoun indicates who receives the action.  ¿Me ayudas, por favor?  Can you help me please?

DOP: Me, Te, Nos  Direct object pronouns usually come right before the conjugated verb.  When an infinitive follows a conjugated verb, the direct object pronoun can be placed before the first verb or attached to the infinitive.

DOP: Me, Te, Nos  ¡No te entiendo!  (Before the conjugated verb.)  Quieren llevarnos al centro.  (Attached to the infinitive.)

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: IRREGULAR FORMS P. 171 Realidades 2

Present Progressive: Irregular Forms  Do you remember your regular present progressive forms?  To say that something is happening right now, use the present tense forms of estar + the present participle (- ando or -iendo)

Present Progressive: Irregular Forms  doblar > doblando  Ella está doblando a la izquierda  aprender > aprendiendo  Estamos aprendiendo a manejar.  escribir > esciribiendo  Están escribiendo una carta.

Present Progressive: Irregular Forms  Some verbs have irregular present participle forms.  To form the present participle of -ir stem-changing verbs, the e in the infinitive form changes to i, and the o in the infinitive form changes to u.

Present Progressive: Irregular Forms Decir Pedir Repetir Seguir Servir Vestir Dormir Diciendo Pidiendo Repitiendo Siguiendo Sirviendo Vistiendo Durmiendo

Present Progressive: Irregular Forms  In the following -er verbs, the i of -iendo changes to y.  creer: creyendo  leer: leyendo  traer: trayendo

Present Progressive: Irregular Forms  When you use pronouns with the present progressive, you can put them before the conjugated form of estar or attach them to the present participle.

Present Progressive: Irregular Forms  Notice that if a pronoun is attached to the present participle, an accent mark is needed.  Write the accent mark over the vowel that is normally stressed in the present tense.

Present Progressive: Irregular Forms  ¿Están Uds. esperando el autobús?  Sí, lo estamos esperando.  Or  Sí, estamos esperándolo.