UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE HIDALLGO Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería Área académica de ciencia de la Tierra y Materiales Licenciatura en Ingeniera de Materiales Estructura de materiales 2°1 Hernandez Alvarado Pablo Vite Morales Cesar Morales Avedaño Cardoso Asdrubal Abraham Aguilar Hernandez Paolo Andressi Monrroy Lopez Marcos Ulises Vazquez Lopez Alexis

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Material Structures

Content ■What is a chemical property?What is a chemical property? ■Characteristics of chemical propertiesCharacteristics of chemical properties ■OxidationOxidation ■CombustionCombustion ■Melting pointMelting point ■ReferencesReferences

What is a chemical property? ■It is any property that is evident during a reaction chemical. ■Any quality seen when changing the identity of a substance. Content

Characteristics of chemical properties ■ The chemical properties of matter are characterized by producing new substances, which are generally permanent and irreversible. They are always accompanied by a profound change in the properties of the substances in contact and a variation of energy between the original product and the created product is generally observed. Content

■The metallic bond: It is a chemical bond that occurs in substances in solid state, specifically in metallic materials in solid state. A metallic bond holds together the atoms of metals together, which are grouped into compact structures. ■The ionic bond: It is the result of a union of atoms, united by electrostatic attraction between the ions of different sign, that is, one strongly electropositive and another strongly electronegative. This reaction happens when in the bond one of the atoms captures electrons from the other. The ionic bond usually occurs between a metallic compound and a non-metallic one. Content

■The covalent bond: It occurs when two atoms or groups of atoms share electrons from the last level, and the difference of electronegativities between atoms is not large enough for an electron transfer to take place. Covalent bonds are usually produced between gaseous elements, or non-metallic materials. ■The ionic bond: It is the result of a union of atoms, united by electrostatic attraction between the ions of different sign, that is, one strongly electropositive and another strongly electronegative. This reaction happens when in the bond one of the atoms captures electrons from the other. The ionic bond usually occurs between a metallic compound and a non-metallic one. Content

■Corrosion is the deterioration of a material as a result of a chemical attack by its environment; is the spontaneous mechanism with which nature reverses the processes of obtaining materials causing the alteration or destruction of most of the goods manufactured by man. The stability of the passive layer and therefore the ability to resist corrosion, is linked to the characteristics of the application --- composition, structure, modality ---, as well as the aggressive environment to which the stainless steel is subjected Content

■Catalysis is the process by which the speed of a chemical reaction is increased, due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst and those that deactivate catalysis are called inhibitors. An important characteristic is that the catalyst mass does not change during the chemical reaction, which differentiates it from a reagent, whose mass decreases during the reaction. Content

■Biocompatibility is a term derived from the prefix bio- and from the word compatibility. Biocompatibility is the ability of a material not to interfere or degrade the biological environment in which they are used. Biocompatible materials are called biomaterials. ■If it is a short contact brief contact involved the possible toxicity or not of the material, and the one that can produce an allergic reaction in the individual. Content

Oxidation ■is a chemical reaction in which a metal or a non-metal accepts electrons, this is known as a reduction, where oxygen is the best to test the materials. ■Little reactive (double bond). ■Present in the atmosphere in greater proportion with other elements. Content

Combustion ■This chemical property refers to the amount of mass released in an oxidation process that evaluates the internal and external energy ■Power calorific internal (PCI) ■Power calorific Surface (PCS) Content

Melting point ■The melting point is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ■The temperature of the reverse change from liquid to solid, it is referred to as the freezing point or crystallization point. Because of the ability of some substances to supercool, the freezing point is not considered as a characteristic property of a substance. Content

References ■Ehrenstein, G. W., Faserverbund-Kunststoffe, Hanser Publishers, Munich (2006). ■“Ciencia e Ingeniería de los Materiales” D. R. ASKELAND, Editorial Paraninfo- Thomson Learning, (2001). 620 ASK cie ■“Steels: heat treatment and processing principles”, G. Krauss, ASM International, Content