the el/la/los/ las In English we dont use the article for general nouns; in Spanish you have to: Love is good; hate is bad. El amor es bueno; el odio.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

the

el/la/los/ las

In English we dont use the article for general nouns; in Spanish you have to: Love is good; hate is bad. El amor es bueno; el odio es malo.

This sentence has two different meanings in English: No me gustan los unicornios. I dont like unicorns. (general) I dont like the unicorns. (specific – you must have mentioned unicorns at some point in your conversation and now you are referencing them)

How do you know if the noun refers to a specific use or a general one?

Answer: Context

Omit the definite article with mass nouns that dont have a specified amount: No tengo paciencia. Compré ropa. ¿Tomas pastillas? BUT ¿Tomaste las pastillas que te dio el médico?

a/an

un/una/unos/unas unos/unas=some/a few

el alma el hacha el agua BUT las almas/las hachas/las aguas la alfombra

el agua clara el hacha pequeña

Omit the indefinite article after ser with jobs, nationalities, religion, gender, social status: Soy professor. / Im a teacher. Ella es judía. / Shes a Jew. Ella es mujer. / She is a woman.

Dont omit the indefinite article if you modify the noun with an adjective: Soy un profesor malo. / Im a bad teacher. Ella es una judía vieja. / Shes an old Jew.

OMIT with phrases with ¡Qué _____!: ¡Qué idiota! What a moron!

otro: otro día –another day cierto: cierta señora – a certain lady tal: tal cosa – such a thing medio: media naranja – half an orange ciento: ciento murciélagos – a hundred bats mil: mil duendes – a thousand goblins

lo can be used in front of an adjective to turn it into a noun: lo maravilloso – the marvelous thing lo fácil – the easy part lo absurdo – the absurd thing

It can be used with: masculine/feminine/singular/plural adjectives + que to describe a quality of the person/people: Yo veo lo tonta que es. I see how foolish she is. Oí lo cómicos que son. I heard how funny they are.

LO is also used with de to mean the matter/business concerning…: Lo de Juan es una lástima. That business about Juan is a shame.