Pasajes Capitulo 2.

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Pasajes Capitulo 2

Impersonal Se and Passive Se The pronoun se has many uses in Spanish. Se + 3rd person singular verb se dice que la comunicacion es clave. They say that communication is key. En esta ciudad se vive muy bien. One lives well in this city. En algunos paises no se respeta a los indigenas. In some countries, people do not respect the indigenous people. Se + 3rd person {sing.}verb + noun {plural Aqui se venden zapatos. Shoes are sold here. En Cataluna se hablan catalan y espanol. Catalan and Spanish are spoken in catalonia. En general, se utiliza el catalan en las conversaciones familiares. In general, Catalan is used in family conversations

Uses the 3rd person singular form of the verb The impersonal se and the passive se are related in that both constructions, the agent of an action is either unknown or unimportant. A speaker merely wishes to communicate an action took, is taking, or will take place. In the impersonal se construction, the se is acting as the unknown or unimportant subject. Common English equivalents of se are: one, you (general), people (general), or they (general) Uses the 3rd person singular form of the verb In the passive se (se pasivo). The se is considered an unchanging part of the verb and the thing being acted upon becomes the subject (i.e. passive construction) Since the subject being acted upon can be 3rd person singular or plural, the verb must also be in the 3rd person singular or plural in order to agree with its subject.

Intercambios – Completa las frases siguientes oraciones con la forma apropiada del presente de los verbos entre parentesis. Usa se pasivo En Paraguay ___________ ( hablar) dos idiomas . (Usar) ___________mas el español en el mundo de los negocios. (oír) __________ mas el Guariní en las zonas rurales. Generalmente (aprender) _________ el Guariní en casa, aunque (enseñar) ________ los dos idiomas en la escuela. En tiempos pasados despreciaban el Guariní, pero hoy en día (fomentar) _________ el bilinguilismo en Paraguay.

Completa En la clase de español __________________ En esta universidad ____________________ En las calles de una ciudad grande __________ En las escuelas secundarias ______________ En los países hispanos ________________ En mi residencia estudiantil, (mi apartamento, casa) ______________

Indirect Objects Objects receive the action of the verb. The direct object is the primary object of the verbal action, answering: verb whom?, verb what? Los niños llevan regalos a la fiesta Conocen uds. a la senora? The indirect object (el complemento indirecto) is the person or thing involved in or affected by the action in a secondary capacity. The indirect object answers the question: to whom?, for whom?, or from whom?

Indirect Object Los niños llevan regalos a su amigo. Ellos le piden dinero al gobierno. Paula les abre la puerta a los niños. Note: that in Spanish indirect object noun is preceded by the preposition a regardless of the corresponding English preposition. (los pronombres de complemento indirecto) are

Indirect Object Pronouns – The Spanish indirect object pronouns (los pronombres de complemento indirecto) are identical to the direct object pronouns, except in the third person singular and plural Me me, to me nos us, to us Te you, to you os you, to you le him, to him les them, to them her, to her you all, to you all you, to you

ejemplos Mis padres me prestan dinero – My parents lend me money Los Sres. García le escriben a su hijo con frecuencia Mr. and Mrs. Garcia write to their son frequently Dear Abby les da consejos a muchas personas Dear Abby gives advice In sentences with le or les, as in the latter two examples, both the indirect object pronoun and its corresponding noun appear in the sentence together when the indirect object is mentioned . If the meaning of the indirect object pronoun is clear, however, the indirect object noun can be dropped. ¿Qué le escribes a tu madre? Le escribo una carta.

Position of Indirect Object Pronoun Precede the conjugated verbs and negative commands: Le escribo una carta. No le digas la verdad. Attach to the affirmative command. Dime la verdad escríbeme a esta dirección Can precede or attach to present participles and infinitives: no le voy a prestar – no voy a prestarle el dinero les estoy escribiendo una carta estoy escribiéndoles una carta

Intercambios – completa con me, te, le, nos, les Hoy en día los estudiantes no ________ escriben cartas a sus padres. Creemos que el compañero de Rafael no puede hablar. Nunca _________dice nada. Cuando mis padres regresan de un viaje, siempre _________ traen un recuerdo. Un hombre cortés siempre __________abre la puerta a una mujer. Escucha, mi hijo, y __________ cuento una historia. A Uds. _______voy a dar mi direccion porque quiero que me visiten.

Sequence of Object Pronouns When both direct and indirect object pronouns appear in a sentence, the indirect object pronoun (which usually refers to a person) precedes the direct object pronoun. No entiendo el problema. ¿Me lo puedes explicar? Sí te lo explico Le/les + lo se lo la la los los las las

Ejercicio de reflexión Perdone, profesora, no comprendo esta pregunta ¿ _______ _______ puede explicar? Claro que ahorita ______ _______ explico. Mesero, no tenemos el menú todavía. ¿_____ _____ puede traer? En un segundo ______ _____ doy. Felipe, ¿le vas a regalar esas flores a tu novia? Sí ______ _______ voy a regalar. ¿Les entregan Uds. La tarea tarde de vez en cuando a sus profesores? ¡Claro que no! ¡Nunca ______ ______ entregamos tarde! Anita, ¿me prestas tu lápiz? No, no ______ _______ puedo prestar (or no, no puedo prestar ____ _____) porque yo ________ necesito

Reflexive Structures Subject Reflexive Yo Me I myself Tú Te You yourself Él Ella Usted se He She you Himself Herself Nosotros Vosotros Ellos Ellas Ustedes Nos Os We They Ourselves Yourselves Themselves yourselves

Reflexive Structures A structure is reflexive (reflexivo) when the subject and object of the action are the same. A subject is performing an action for himself/herself Reflexive pronouns must be used when the subject does some action t a part of his or her own body: ¡Cuidado! Vas a cortarte el dedo! The definite article is used-not the possessive adjective is used with the body part/or clothing or the possession in this structure.

Here are some common verbs when talking about routines Afeitarse to shave Banarse to bathe Des (vestirse) to undress Ducharse to shower Lavarse to wash Peinarse to comb Pintarse to put on make up Ponerse to put on (clothing) Quitarse to take off (clothing) Secarse to dry

Reciprocal – the plural reflexive pronouns (nos, os and se) can be used to express mutual or reciprocal actions, expressed in English with each other Nosotros nos escribimos a menudo We write to each other often Van a encontrarse en el bar: They are going to meet (each other) in the bar Uno a otro, (una a otra/ unos a otros/unas a otras) Many sentences can be interpreted as having either reciprocal or reflexive meaning, as in this example: Leonardo y Estela se miran en el espejo.

The Reflexive Construction Non-reflexive Reflexive El niño mira el juguete. El niño se mira Los pacientes aprecian a los médicos Los médicos se aprecian Le escribiste a Carlos, ¿no? Te escribiste un recado, ¿no?

Ejercicio de Reflexión compete las siguientes oraciones con la forma apropiada del presente del verbo entere paréntesis. ¡Cuidado! En algunos casos, debe usar el reflexivo y en otros no. Marta (peinar) todos los días. Ana es muy creída (self-centered); siempre (mirar) en el espejo. Los militares tienen que (afeitar) todos los días. Voy a (bañar) al perro porque huele (he smells) muy mal. Uds. Necesitan (quitar) los zapatos antes de entrar en la casa. Mis amigos colombianos y yo (ver) una vez al ano. El bebé está durmiendo. No hablo porque no lo quiero (despertar). Elena (comprar) un coche nuevo.

The Imperfect Indicative Events or situations in the past are expressed in two simple past tenses in Spanish: the imperfect (el imperfecto) and el pretérito. Forms of the imperfect Almost all spanish verbs have regular forms in the imperfect tense. Ar verbs Er/ir verbs Yo tomaba Nosotros tomábamos quería queríamos escribía escribíamos Tú tomabas Vosotros tomabais Querías queríais escribías escribíais Él Ella tomaba Uste Ellos Ellas tomaban Ustedes querían Escribía Escribían

Imperfecto Irregular verbs Ser Ir ver Era éramos iba íbamos veía veíamos eras erais Ibas ibais veías veíais era eran iban veían The verb ver is irregular only in that its stem retains the e of the infinitive ending in all persons

Uses of the Imperfect Tense Imperfect tense derives its name from the Latin word incomplete It is used to describe actions or situations that were not finished or that were in progress at the point of time in the past being described When the imperfect tense is used, attention is focused on the action in progress or on the ongoing condition with no mention made of or attention called to the beginning or end of that situation. For this reason, the imperfect is used to describe the background for another action: the time, place or other relevant information

The use of the imperfect tense closely parallels the use of the present tense to describe actions in the present Description of Present Past An action or condition in progress An ongoing action or condition The hour (telling time) Habitual or repeated actions An anticipated action Leo el periódico La casa está en la esquina Son las 8:00 Salgo con mi novio los viernes Estudio por la mañana Mañana tengo un examen Vamos a la playa Leía el periódico La casa estaba en la esquina Eran las 8:00 Salía con mi novio los viernes Estudiaba por la mañana Al día siguiente tenía un examen Íbamos a la playa