Los tiempos perfectos Por: Sra. Jenkins.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Los tiempos perfectos Por: Sra. Jenkins

El presente perfecto del indicativo (Present Perfect Indicative): In Spanish, the present perfect is used to say that someone “has done” something or that something “has happened”. EJEMPLO: Yo he hablado con Luís y él ha enviado las invitaciones. I have spoken with Luis and he has sent the inviations.

Formation of the Present Perfect: In order to form the present perfect indicative, you combine a present tense form of the helping verb HABER with the past participle of another verb. HABER PAST PARTICIPLE: AR Verbs – ado hablar -> hablado ER/IR Verbs – ido salir -> salido entender -> entendido he hemos has habéis ha han +

EJEMPLOS Tú has aprendido bien. You’ve learned well. ¿Han preparado la cena? Have they prepared the dinner? Ella ha llamado a sus padres. She has called her parents.

¡A practicar! Combina las palabras para formar una oración usando el presente perfecto del indicativo. tú / salir bien en el examen Tú has salido bien en el examen. mis amigos / estudiar Mis amigos han estudiado. nosotras / comer demasiado Nosotras hemos comido demasiado.

Irregular Past Participles: abrir  abierto morir  muerto cubrir  cubierto poner  puesto decir  dicho romper  roto escribir  escrito ver  visto hacer  hecho volver  vuelto ¡OJO! When a prefix is added to any of the verbs to the left, the past participle shows the same irregularities. EJEMPLOS: descubrir  descubierto predecir  predicho describir  descrito

Accent Changes ER & IR verbs that have stems ending in a vowel have an accent mark over the –í- in the past participle. EJEMPLOS: caer  caído leer  leído traer  traído creer  creído oír  oído reír  reído

Object Pronouns In the perfect tenses, object pronouns must be put before the form of HABER! They CANNOT be attached to the past participle! They CANNOT be placed between HABER and the past participle. In questions, the subject pronoun is placed after the past participle. (Ej.: ¿Ha llegado ella?)

Object Pronouns EJEMPLOS: ¿Has comprado el regalo? Sí, lo he comprado ya. Have you bought the gift? Yes, I have bought it already. ¿Lo han conocido ustedes? Sí, lo hemos conocido. Have you met him? Yes, we have met him. ¿Le has enseñado las fotos? No, todavía no se las he enseñado. Have you shown her No, I haven’t shown them the pictures? to her yet.

¡A practicar! Escribe oraciones usando la información dada y el presente perfecto del indicativo. Usa un pronombre complemento directo/indirecto. Yo / leer / la novela Yo la he leído. Ellas / escribir / los ensayos Ellas los han escrito. 3. Pedro / romperse / el brazo Pedro se lo ha roto.

El presente perfecto del subjuntivo (Present Perfect Subjunctive): The present perfect subjunctive is used in the same situations as the present subjunctive (emotion, doubt, disbelief, judgement, hopes, wishes, nonexistence, etc.) and indicates that the action of the dependent clause happens before the action of the main clause. EJEMPLO: Me alegro de que hayan venido. I’m happy that they have come. (EMOTION)

Formation of the present perfect subjunctive: The present perfect subjunctive is formed by combining a subjunctive form of the helping verb HABER with the past participle of another verb. haya hayamos hayas hayáis hayan + PAST PARTICIPLE

EJEMPLOS Siento que ellas no hayan visto la exposición de arte. I’m sorry that they haven’t seen the art exposition. (EMOTION) Dudamos que Patricia haya escrito las cartas. We doubt that Patricia has written the letters. (DOUBT/DISBELIEF) Es una lástima que haya muerto su bisabuelo. It’s a shame that his grandfather has died. (JUDGEMENT) No creen que Luz lo haya llamado. They don’t believe that Luz has called him. (DOUBT/DISBELIEF)

¡A practicar! HAYAN VISTO HAYA IDO HAYAS ENCONTRADO Llena los espacios usando el presente perfecto del subjuntivo y el verbo entre paréntesis. 1. Me alegra que ellos ________________ (ver) la película. 2. Nos sorprende que él _____________ (ir) de vacaciones. 3. Es bueno que tú ____________________ (encontrar) un trabajo. HAYAN VISTO HAYA IDO HAYAS ENCONTRADO