Gramática (pg 9 del paquete rosado) In English, we know that pronouns take the place of the nouns. Pronouns in Spanish do the same thing. Here are the Spanish pronouns and what they mean in English:

Plural pronouns (more than 1) Singular pronouns (only 1) Plural pronouns (more than 1) Yo = I Tú = you (friendly/familiar) Él = he Ella = she Usted = you (formal/ respectful)   Nosotros we Nosotras we (only feminine) Ellos = they Ellas = they (only feminine) Ustedes = all of you/ you all/ you guys

The subjects in SPANISH

SER and ESTAR “to be”

SER = TO BE When we speak English, we are constantly conjugating verbs. Conjugating means changing the form of the verb to fit with the subject.

SER = TO BE So when you want to use “I” as your subject and want to use “to be” as the verb, you say “I am.”

SER = TO BE In English, “To Be” is conjugated in this way  In English, you are changing the verb each time depending on the subject. SAME WITH SPANISH!    I AM WE ARE YOU ARE X HE / SHE/ IT IS THEY ARE

SER = TO BE First, it is important to know the subjects in English. I   I  We You X He/ she/ it They/ all of you

We = nosotros/nosotras SER = TO BE Then, it is important to know the subjects in Spanish.   I = yo  We = nosotros/nosotras You = tú X He/ she/ you(formal)= él/ ella/ Usted ellos (they masc) they = ellas (they fem) ustedes (all of you)

What exactly is “conjugating?” We do this with verbs all the time without thinking about it.

He/ she/ you(formal) runs To Run I run We run You run X He/ she/ you(formal) runs they run

they = ellos / ellas/ ustedes (all of you) I = yo We = nosotros You = tú INFORMAL X He/ she/ you(formal)= él/ ella/ Usted they = ellos / ellas/ ustedes (all of you)

SER = TO BE “Ser” changes its form based on its subject. Remember “Soy de Renton.”….

(means THEY (masc) ARE, THEY (fem) ARE, ALL OF YOU ARE) SER = TO BE Yo SOY (means I AM) Nosotros/nosotras SOMOS (means WE ARE) Tú ERES (means YOU ARE) X Él ES Ella ES Usted ES (means HE IS, SHE IS, you formal ARE) ellos SON ellas SON ustedes SON (means THEY (masc) ARE, THEY (fem) ARE, ALL OF YOU ARE)

In order to conjugate (make the verb match the subject), you must memorize the form of the verb that corresponds to the subject. For example: Tú ______. I go to the “Tú” box, see the verb form is “eres,” so I write “eres” on the line. “Eres” is the form of SER that goes with “Tú.” Tú eres = you are.

SER = TO BE So, what does “Soy de Richboro” mean? I am from Richboro What does “Eres de Richboro” mean? You are from Richboro. What does “Somos de Richboro” mean? We are from Richboro.

ESTAR = to be For now, you simply need to know that SER is for more permanent things, and ESTAR is for things that change, like location and feelings.

Práctica 1. “I am from Pennsylvania.” ____________________________. 2.“We are from Council Rock.” ____________________________. 3. “Where are you from?” _______________________________. 4. “Where are they from?” ________________________________

Práctica “I am from Pennsylvania.” Yo soy de Pensilvania 2.“We are from Council Rock.” Nosotros somos de Council Rock. 3. “Where are you from?” ¿De dónde eres tú? 4. “Where are they from?” ¿De dónde son (ellos)?

SER Yo SOY Nosotros SOMOS Nosotras SOMOS Tú ERES X Él ES Ella ES Usted ES Ellos SON ellas SON ustedes SON Anyone and I= we anyone and you = all of you Anyone y yo = nosotros anyone y tú or anyone y usted = ustedes

AGUAS! (careful) What if your subject does not specifically say yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nosotros, or ellos, ellas, ustedes?!?!?!?! you must consider what the subject is. For example, if you want to say Juan is tall, you must think of Juan as being “He,” and use the “he” form, because it is third person singular.

AGUAS! (Careful) So you would say “Juan es alto.” “es” is the third person singular form of SER.

AGUAS! (Careful) What does “we” mean? It means “he and I” or “you and I” or “they and I.” So if you ever see something like “Ellos y yo” or “Tú y yo” or “Carla y yo”, what form should you use? The “We” form!

AGUAS! (Careful) So “You and I are from Richboro” would be Tú y yo somos de Richboro.” “somos” is the “we” form of SER.

Práctica Carlos _______________ tenista. (Ser) 2. Ellas _______________ francesas. (Ser) 3. El perro _______________ grande. (Ser) 4. Yo no _______________ marinero. (Ser)

Práctica Carlos _es_ tenista. (Ser) 2. Ellas _ son _ francesas. (Ser) 3. El perro _ es _ grande. (Ser) 4. Yo no _ soy__ marinero. (Ser)

Él ______ Las chicas _______ Nosotros _________ Mi madre ___________ Mis amigos ____________ Yo ___________ Tú _________ Usted ___________ Ustedes ____________

He is ____________ They are (fem) _______________ All of you/you guys are ____________ She is _______________ We are ____________ John and I are _____________ Pedro and Amalia are ______________ I am _______________ Are you? ________________ You formal are ___________________

ESTAR But now that you know how to conjugate SER, let’s see how you do with ESTAR!!!

they = ellos / ellas/ ustedes ESTAR The subjects do not change. I = yo We = nosotros You = tú X He/ she/ you(formal)= él/ ella/ Usted they = ellos / ellas/ ustedes

ellos / ellas/ ustedes ESTÁN ESTAR However, the formation is a bit different. Yo ESTOY Nosotros ESTAMOS Tú ESTÁS X Él/ ella/ Usted ESTÁ ellos / ellas/ ustedes ESTÁN

ESTAR You already have heard one form of “ESTAR.” Do you remember what it is?

ESTAR Oh, Sí! “¿Cómo estás?” That means “How are you?” Estás is the “tú” form, which is “you,” so the question is finding out how “you are / are you.”

ESTAR = to be Yo ESTOY (means I am) Nosotros/nosotras ESTAMOS (means we are) Tú ESTÁS (means you are) X él/ ella/ Usted ESTÁ (means he is, she is, you formal are) ellos / ellas/ ustedes ESTÁN (means they are [masc], they are [fem], all of you are

ESTAR Based on the chart: How would you say, “I am fine, thanks.” How would you say, “We are fine.” How would you say, “Are you okay?” How would you say, “You are doing so-so.”

AGUAS! (careful) What if your subject does not specifically say yo, tú, él, ella, usted, nosotros, or ellos, ellas, ustedes?!?!?!?! you must consider what the subject is. For example, if you want to say Juan is here, you must think of Juan as being “He,” and use the “he” form, because it is third person singular.

AGUAS! (Careful) So you would say “Juan está aquí.” Same thing with SER: “Juan es de México,” because “es” is the third person singular form of SER.

AGUAS! (Careful) What does “we” mean? It means “he and I” or “you and I” or “they and I.” So if you ever see something like “Ellos y yo” or “Tú y yo” or “Carla y yo”, what form should you use? The “We” form!

AGUAS! (Careful) So “You and I are here” would be Tú y yo estamos aquí.” Same thing with SER: “You and I are from Richboro” would be “Tú y yo somos de Richboro,” because “somos” is the “we” form of SER.

So then….. What form would you use for the subject “Gabriella?”

él/ ella/ Usted! Gabriella ______(ser) bonita.

Gabriella es bonita.

What about ……. Tú y yo __________(Estar) enfermos.

It means “you and I” which equals “we” which makes us go to… ESTAMOS! Tú y yo estamos enfermos.

Practiquemos!

yo nosotros tú X él/ ella/ Usted ellos / ellas/ ustedes

ESTAR Él ______ Las chicas _______ Nosotros _________ Mi madre ___________ Mis amigos ____________ Yo ___________ Tú _________ Usted ___________ Ustedes ____________

He is ____________ They are (fem) _______________ All of you/you guys are ____________ She is _______________ We are ____________ Ana and I are _____________ Mariana and Kike are ______________ I am _______________ Are you? ________________ You formal are ___________________

USE SER: which form? My friend His sister Our friends My friends and I Her friends Her cousin My cousins

USE ESTAR: which form? My friend His sister Our friends My friends and I Her friends Her cousin My cousins

Use SER and ESTAR! I Your friends His dad My parents Our dog The cats Our desks The pencils

Use SER Mis amigos Los chicos La chica La maestra Mi amigo y yo Tú y tus amigos

Use ESTAR Mis amigos Los chicos La chica La maestra Mi amigo y yo Tú y tus amigos

En los paquetes: SER Ellos _______ Yo _______ Usted ________ Nosotros _________ Ustedes __________ Ella __________ Los chicos ______________

Paquetes: Estar Nosotros _________ Ustedes __________ Ella __________ Los chicos ______________ La chica ___________________ Ella _______ Ellos _______ Yo _______ Usted ________ Tú ________

SER He is ___________________ They (female) are _______________ We are _________________________ I am ________________________ You (formal) are ____________________ The girl is _____________________ You (informal/friendly) are ________ All of you are _______________ The boy is ____________________ The girls are _________________

Estar: All of you are ___________________ The boy is __________________ The girls are ___________________ He is ______________________ They (female) are ________________ We are _________________________ I am ________________________ You (formal) are ____________________ The boy is _____________________ You (informal/friendly) are _____________