Child Development 1 (Wk 2: Feb. 28th)

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Child Development 1 (Wk 2: Feb. 28th) Chapter 1/ Sec. 2

What is culture & how does it affect human development What is culture & how does it affect human development? ¿Qué es la cultura y cómo afecta el desarrollo humano? Culture- is the pattern of a group’s customs, practices, values, beliefs, art, & technology, handed down through language. Cultura-es el patrón de las costumbres de un grupo, prácticas, valores, creencias, el arte, y la tecnología, transmitidas a través del lenguaje. Is a group’s common way of life, passed from one generation to another. Es la forma común de un grupo de vida, y pasa de una generación a otra.

Individualistic culture Collectivist culture

Basic issues of Ch Dev. Contd./ Temas Básicos Contd. A theory / Teoría- an orderly, integrated set of statements that are cohesive; the statements describe, explain, and predict human behavior. Es una sistema organizado de ideas que se proponen para explicar y para hacer predicciones.

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory Sensorimotor /Estadio sensorio-motor Pre-Operational/Período peroperacional Concrete operational/ Período de las operaciones concretas Formal operational/ Período de las operaciones formales Schemes/Esquemas- any action pattern for dealing with the environment, such as looking, grasping, hitting, kicking, etc. Las estructuras psicologicas que se usan para organizer experiencias.

Assimilation/Asimilación- (El proceso por el cual las nuevas experiencias son incorporadas fácilmente a esquemas existents).  Accommodation/Acomodación- (El proceso por cuál las esquemas se modifican basado en las experiencias nuevas).

Erik Erikson/Psychosocial Theory La Teoría Psicosocial El desarrollo de la personalidad viene de la resolución de una serie de desafíos basados en la interacción de las demandas de la sociedad y de la necesidad de madurar.

Trust vs. Mistrust/ Confianza contra desconfianza Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt / Autonomía contra la Vergüenza y Duda Initiative vs. Guilt / Iniciativa contra la Culpa Industry vs. Inferiority / Industria contra Inferioridad Identity vs. Role Confusion / Identidad vs Confusión Papel

Lev Vygotsky

“Herramienta física” = dominar el ambiente; Humans have a biological need & capacity for tool use and production. “Herramienta física” = dominar el ambiente; “herramienta psicológica” = dominar el comportamiento / - “Physical tools” =

Psychological tools/Herramienta psicológica Includes: Most important: speech…

Zona del desarrollo próximo “ZPD” & Scaffolding Zona del desarrollo próximo Andamio La diferencia de lo qué puede hacer un niño solo, y lo qué puede hacer con ayuda. The difference between what a child can do alone, vs. what a child can do with assistance…

Bandura’s Social Learning/ Teoría Cognotivo Social Believed that humans learn through social interactions. Propone que los niños utilizan la recompense, el castigo, y la imitación para tener sentido del mundo. Observational learning-

a) Attentional Processes/ Atención Imitation of behavior is based on 4 components / Imitación de comportamiento es basado en 4 componentes: a) Attentional Processes/ Atención b) Retention Processes/ Conservar o retener c) Motor reproduction processes/Reproducción de motores físicos d) Reinforcement/Motivational Processes (La recompense o el castigo

Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory Development is a complex process that includes the interactions between the child & the environment. Systems-

Microsystem/Microsistema- interaction patterns in the child’s immediate surroundings.

Exosystem/Exosistema Mesosystem/Mesosistema

Macrosystem/Macrosistema- Chronosystem/Cronosistema –