Español 4 ¡Bienvenidos!

¡Bienvenidos! Temas: Breve repaso de los pretéritos Repaso de los Pronombres de complemento directo Pronombres usados como complemento indirecto El verbo gustar y sus usos

Objetivos: Expresar acciones en el pasado usando el pretérito Escribir oraciones haciendo uso del complemento directo e indirecto Hablar acerca de los deportes y regalos favoritos

El pretérito de los verbos regulares Preterite of regular verbs Ejemplos: Mi abuelo nació en España My grandfather was born in Spain-Complete action ¿Qué compraste ayer? What did you buy yestarday? – time frame ¿Qué comieron ustedes? What did you eat?/- complete action ¿A qué hora llegaste? What time did you arrive? – time frame El pretérito de los verbos regulares Preterite of regular verbs One of the most common tense in the whole Spanish language. Sometimes is called the simple past tense. The preterite is the tense used to express a completed action and a time frame is often specified: anoche, ayer, el mes pasado, dos veces, la semana pasada,

Formación del pretérito – verbos regulares : ar, er, ir Hablar comer Yo comí Tú comiste Él/ella, Ud. comió Nosotros comimos Vosotros comisteis Ellos/as, Uds. comieron Yo hablé Tú hablaste Él/ella,Ud. habló Nosotros hablamos Vosotros hablasteis Ellos/as,Uds. hablaron

Verbos irregulares - Pretérito Menores cambios Menores cambios 1. Verbs ending in ar and er that are stem change in the present indicative are regular in the preterite Ej: Encontrar, volver, cerrar 2. Verbs ending in gar,- car- zar change in the first person of the preterite Pagué, busqué, empecé 3. Verbs whose stem ends in a vowel change only in the third person form, changing i to Y singular and plural Ej: Leyó , leyeron Oyó , oyeron 4. Stem changing verbs with infinitives ending in ir change to O to U or ie to i Durmió, murió, prefirió

El pretérito de 3 verbos irregulares Ser ( to be) ir ( to go) dar ( to give) Fui fui dí Fuiste fuiste diste Fue fue dio Fuimos fuimos dimos Fuisteis fuisteis disteis Fueron fueron dieron Note: that ser and ir have identical preterite forms; however, there is no confusion as to meaning, because the context clarifies it. No tienen acento

Los complementos directos, y los pronombres de complemento directo Direct Objects and Direct Object Pronouns

Where do you see Jorge and Sarita? ¿Dónde ves a Jorge y a Sarita? Where do you see Jorge and Sarita? Los veo en clase. I see them in class. ¿Visitas a tu abuela con frecuencia? Do you visit your grandmother often? Sí, la visito mucho. Yes, I visit her a lot.

I eat the tomatoes. Óscar kisses his wife. Yo como los tomates. El objecto directo es una cosa o persona que recibe la acción del verbo I eat the tomatoes. Yo como los tomates. Óscar kisses his wife. Óscar besa a su esposa. ¡A Personal!

Yo como los tomates ¿Cómo identificar un objecto directo? (en inglés porque es muy complicado) A direct object is a thing or person that answers what or whom, respectively, in the following equation: SUBJECT + VERB + WHAT (WHOM) DIRECT OBJECT Yo como los tomates

Where do you see Jorge and Sarita? WHAT? WHOM? ¿Dónde ves a Jorge y a Sarita? Where do you see Jorge and Sarita? Los veo en clase. I see them in class. ¿Visitas a tu abuela con frecuencia? Do you visit your grandmother often? Sí, la visito mucho. Yes, I visit her a lot.

the piano the piano the piano the piano the piano the piano Pronouns are particles (little words) that take the place of the object itself, so that the object does not have to be repeated ad nauseum . . . Did you buy the piano ? Yes, I bought the piano . Did you pay a lot for the piano ? Well, the piano wasn’t cheap. Can you play the piano ? Yes, and my brother plays the piano too.

Notice how many times “the piano” was repeated. Pronouns are particles (little words) that take the place of the object itself, so that the object does not have to be repeated ad nauseum . . . the piano the piano the piano the piano the piano the piano Notice how many times “the piano” was repeated.

the piano it it it it it Did you buy ? Yes, I bought . Pronouns are particles (little words) that take the place of the object itself, so that the object does not have to be repeated ad nauseum . . . A better, more concise way is to use pronouns instead of repeating the noun over and over. Did you buy the piano ? Yes, I bought it . Did you pay a lot for ? it Well, wasn’t cheap. it Can you play ? it Yes, and my brother plays too. it

el piano lo lo lo ¿Compraste ? Sí, compré. ¿Puedes tocar ? Direct object pronouns in Spanish, just as in English, take the place of the direct object itself, so that the direct object does not have to be repeated, and repeated, and repeated… ¿Compraste el piano ? Sí, lo compré. ¿Puedes tocar ? lo Sí, y mi hermano sabe tocar también. lo

El Objeto Directo en español: These are used exclusively for people me nos te os These are used lo, la los, las (lo, la) (los, las) for people and things

Pronouns replace things or people that are direct objects. I eat the tomatoes. Yo como los tomates. Yo los como. Notice that third-person direct object pronouns agree in gender and number with the noun they replace.

Now let’s see how pronouns replace things or people that are direct objects. Óscar kisses his wife. Óscar besa a su esposa. Óscar la besa. Notice that third-person direct object pronouns agree in gender and number with the noun they replace.

¿Me vas a invitar a tu fiesta? Be aware that object pronouns, just like verbs, must make a flip-flop transition when first and second persons are involved in the conversation. ¿Me vas a invitar a tu fiesta? Sí, te voy a invitar. ¿Nos puedes ayudar mañana? No, no os puedo ayudar.

Adolfo is not going to call her. In negative sentences, the direct object pronoun is placed between no and the conjugated verb. Adolfo no la va a llamar. Adolfo is not going to call her. But, again, as in affirmative sentences, the object pronoun may be attached to the end of the infinitive or present participle. Adolfo no va a llamarla.

Ahora…¡VAMOS a practicar! UFF….¡ HEMOS terminado! Ahora…¡VAMOS a practicar!

Indirect object pronouns Indirect objects usually tell to whom or for whom something is done An indirect object pronoun can be used with or in place of the direct object Indirect object pronouns that refer to people are preceded by the personal a

Paco gave the book to me. Paco me dio el libro. An indirect object is almost always a person (occasionally a thing) that is indirectly affected by the action of the verb. What did Paco give? The book. That’s our direct object. Paco gave the book to me. To whom did Paco give the book? To me. That’s our indirect object. Paco me dio el libro. It is important to distinguish direct objects from indirect objects.

The indirect object pronouns in Spanish are as follows: These are used for people me nos te os These are used le les mostly for people and sometimes things Notice that the forms of the indirect object pronouns are identical to the direct object pronouns, except for the third-person singular and plural forms.

me (a mí) nos (a nosotros) te (a ti) os (a vosotros) le (a usted) les The prepositional forms that often accompany the object pronouns are as follows: These are mandatory me (a mí) These are optional nos (a nosotros) te (a ti) os (a vosotros) le (a usted) les (a ustedes) (a él) (a ellos) (a Juan) (a ella) (a ellas) (a Marta) etc. (for clarification or emphasis) (More about this shortly)

Clarification and Emphasis The pronouns le and les are ambiguous since they can refer to many different individuals or groups, respectively; thus, the prepositional forms are used to clarify. Notice the following exchange: ¿A quién le vas a mandar el libro? To whom are you going to send the book? Le voy a mandar el libro a Alfredo. I’m going to send the book to Alfredo. An answer such as Le voy a mandar el libro would obviously not be sufficient.

Gustar y verbos similares The backwards verbs

El verbo gustar In English, the equivalent is “to like” En español gustar significa “to be pleasing” In English, the equivalent is “to like”

El verbo gustar Por ejemplo: In English we say: “I like Spanish.” En español decimos: “To me, Spanish is pleasing.”

I like basketball. En español: In English: “basketball” is the subject “I” is the subject “like” is the verb “basketball” is the direct object (thing that is pleasing to person) En español: “basketball” is the subject “to please” is the verb “me” is the indirect object (person who is doing the liking)

El Verbo Gustar The form of the verb gustar (gusta or gustan) does not depend on who does the liking, but depends on what is liked or what is pleasing.

Who is doing the “liking”? El verbo gustar Who is doing the “liking”? Indirect Object Pronouns (person to whom it is pleasing):

El verbo gustar

Construcción singular de GUSTAR (A mí) me (A ti) te (A él/ella/Ud.) le …el libro GUSTA …nadar (A nosotros) nos …el chocolate (A vosotros) os (A ellos/as) les

¿Cómo se dice en español? I like swimming. Elena likes tennis. We don’t like English class. Carlos and Miguel like sports. Do you like Chinese food? I like pizza a lot, but I like chocolate more. Me gusta la natación. (A Elena) le gusta el tenis. No nos gusta la clase de inglés. (A Carlos y a Miguel) les gustan los deportes. ¿Te gusta la comida de china? Me gusta mucho la pizza, pero me gusta más el chocolate.

¿Te gusta el fútbol o el tenis? Me gusta el fútbol.

¿Qué les gusta a los chicos? A los chicos les gusta la natación.