El Sistema de la Deuda como Obstáculo a la Paz y Justicia Internacional Daniel Munevar CADTM Universitat Internacional de la Pau Barcelona, Julio 2010

Índice La lógica del Financiamiento para el Desarrollo La deuda y la transferencia de recursos Deuda y la maldicion de los recursos Deuda, Pobreza e Inequidad Conclusiones

Financiamiento para el Desarrollo

Development as a linear process based on capital accumulation.

The key idea was that if you managed to increase the pace of capital accumulation, that is investment, you could turn underdeveloped rural areas full of poverty

Into thriving manufacturing centers with high living standars.

The problem facing developing countries was on the hand they had low incomes.

Didn’t have the technology and therefore they had to import it.

External financing for development, by transfering resources to developing countries could help in the development ofIndustrial centers

But not only that. External financing could be also used to develop infraestructure such as dams and bridges.

But we can also use it to help farmers in guatemala

Or to foster the green revolution in india

Why stop there. We can also finance schools in sri lanka

Or increase literacy in mali

And for that mater why not build hospitals in zimbabwe

Or in Egypt.

Or now help to protect the amazonas.

Desde anhos 50. Nocion es que financiamiento se puede hacer de forma comercial. Diferentes actividades. Todo esto se puede hacer dentro de la logica del mercado. Ya sea a traves de bancos, bonos o inclusive prestamos multilaterales en condiciones de mercado. Financiamiento para desarrollo juega un papel positivo con la transferencia de recursos.

Que ha pasado en la realidad?

El endeudamiento no ha parado de crecer…

Y de la misma forma, el servicio de la deuda

Deuda: Sangría Inmoral? Deuda externa se multiplica por 48 Al mismo tiempo paises han pagado 102 veces sus deuda iniciales

Transferencias del Norte al Sur???

Varios Planes Marshall han sido transferidos del Norte al Sur

El Costo de Oportunidad del Servicio de la Deuda Publica Externa

Esquema de Financiamiento y Especialización Productiva

Los problemas con el financiamiento para el desarrollo (II): El ciclo perverso. Dependencia por recursos para pagar genera…

Especializacion productiva

Desempleo/informalidad

Esquema de Financiamiento Determina Especialización Económica

Crisis de la Deuda en el FMI. Influencio 2 cosas

Deuda, Pobreza e Inequidad

El tamaño relativo de los flujos abruma a los PED

Crisis de la Deuda e Ingreso Per Capita

Crisis de la Deuda e Inequidad

The Scale Brown: Very large decreases in inequality; more than 8 percent per year. Red Moderate decreases in inequality. Pink: Slight Decreases. Light Blue: No Change or Slight increases Medium Blue: Large Increases -- Greater than 3 percent per year. Dark Blue: Very Large Increases -- Greater than 20 percent per year. h

1963 to 1969

1970 to 1976 The oil boom: inequality declines in the producing states, but rises in the industrial oil-consuming countries, led by the United States.

1977 to 1983

1981 to 1987 … the Age of Debt Note the exceptions to rising inequality are mainly India and China, neither affected by the debt crisis…

1984 to 1990

The age of globalization… 1988 to 1994 The age of globalization… Now the largest increases in inequality in are the post-communist states; an exception is in booming Southeast Asia, before 1997…

Alternativas

Alternativas Default de la Deuda: Argentina Auditoria de la Deuda: Ecuador Banco del Sur

Conclusiones

CADTM Gracias! Para mas informacion: www.cadtm.org Email: danielmunevar@cadtm.org