¿De qué están hechas las rocas?

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¿De qué están hechas las rocas?
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Transcripción de la presentación:

¿De qué están hechas las rocas? MINERALES

Minerales en el granito MICA CUARZO FELDESPATO

DEFINICIÓN DE MINERAL Es una sustancia sólida, originada de forma natural, Inorgánica y con una composición química definida y una estructura cristalina fija. In order to be a mineral, it has to be created in nature. There are many things that are “man-made” items. These items, which can even sometimes look like minerals, are not minerals because they do not form in nature! It has to be naturally occurring!! Something you could dig up or find lying around. Inorganic means “not organic” or “not living” Minerals must be things that are not alive.

¿Por qué muchos minerales tienen formas geométricas?

Los minerales están formados por átomos que se disponen ordenadamente ocupando posiciones fijas en figuras geométricas como cubos, primas, pirámides…

El mineral crece porque se añaden más y más átomos que toma del medio líquido que lo envuelve, generalmente agua o magma.

Juntando muchos cubos microscópicos se obtiene un cubo grande: un mineral cúbico.

MINERALES IRREGULARES O CRISTALES A crystal has flat sides that meet in sharp edges and corners. La formación de cristales grandes requiere tiempo, espacio y reposo.

Identificación de minerales Los minerales tienen propiedades que nos ayudan a su identificación: Color. Brillo. Dureza. Densidad. Forma de los cristales

COLOR

¿Con brillo o mate? ¿Metálico o vítreo?

DUREZA ¿Duro o blando? Directly related to relative strength of atomic bonds

Escala de Mohs Talco Yeso Calcita Fluorita Apatito Feldspato Cuarzo Topacio Corindón Diamante Se rayan con la uña Directly related to relative strength of atomic bonds Rayan el acero

Densidad: ¿pesado o ligero? Agua: 1.00 Halita: 2.18 Cuarzo: 2.65 Calcita: 2.7 Pirita: 5.0 Galena: 7.5 Oro: 19.3 Density is the amount of matter in a given space. The density of a mineral is always the same, not matter what the size of the mineral sample.

Forma de los cristales Muchos minerales son irregulares, pero algunos poseen una característica forma geoméotrica que resulta de la forma en la que se colocan los átomos cuando el mineral se está formando.

1a: Es de color claro…………………….…….…….. Ir a 2 1b: Es de color oscuro………………………………..Ir a 3 2a: Puedes rayarlo con tu uña…………………….. Yeso 2b: No puedes rayarlo con tu uña……………..…...Cuarzo 3a: Es brillante…………………………….….……….Galena 3b: No tiene brillo………….……………....……..…..Magnetita.

En la naturaleza, los minerales se encuentran en… ¿Por qué algunos minerales tienen forma geométrica? Nombra cinco características que sirven para identificar minerales. ¿Qué propiedad indica que un mineral es pesado? El mineralólogo alemán que ideó la escala de dureza fue… Si el mineral se raya con la uña es… El mineral más duro es… Si el cuarzo raya al mineral X y éste raya a la calcita, ¿cuál es la dureza de X? Lo opuesto de duro es… Lo opuesto a pesado es… Lo opuesto a con brillo es… Describe el mineral de la foto. Dureza: 7 Densidad: 2 g/cc

Tipos de minas Minas Canteras o minas a cielo abierto Density is the amount of matter in a given space. The density of a mineral is always the same, not matter what the size of the mineral sample. Minas Canteras o minas a cielo abierto

Usos de rocas y minerales: construcción · Building. Rocks are used to build houses, bridges and other structures. Bricks are made of clay. Harder rocks, such as granite or marble, can be polished and are used to make a beautiful decorative surface. Another very important building material is concrete, which is made from limestone and clay.

Usos de rocas y minerales: construcción · Building. Rocks are used to build houses, bridges and other structures. Bricks are made of clay. Harder rocks, such as granite or marble, can be polished and are used to make a beautiful decorative surface. Another very important building material is concrete, which is made from limestone and clay.

Usos de rocas y minerales: construcción · Building. Rocks are used to build houses, bridges and other structures. Bricks are made of clay. Harder rocks, such as granite or marble, can be polished and are used to make a beautiful decorative surface. Another very important building material is concrete, which is made from limestone and clay.

Usos de rocas y minerales: energía · · Energy. Oil is a special type of rock and it is our most important source of energy. We also use coal for energy. ·

Usos de minerales y rocas: los metales · Metals. We need iron, aluminium, lead, copper and other metals to make tools, machines, cars, windows... These elements are contained in some minerals and we get them from mines.

Usos de minerales y rocas: vidrio · Glass is manufactured using quartz which is obtained from sand.

Las piedras preciosas o gemas · Jewellery. Gold, silver, precious stones such as diamonds, emeralds, rubies, garnets and so on, are minerals.