Artículos definitivos y indefinitivos Definite and Indefinite Articles P. 30 – 31

Voy a comprender y usar los artículos definitivos y indefinitivos Objetivo: Voy a comprender y usar los artículos definitivos y indefinitivos I will understand and use definite and indefinite articles

Definite Article: el, la, los, las = The In Spanish all nouns have masculine or feminine gender. el chico la chica el refresco la fruta  The definite article tells you the gender of your noun. *el, los = masculine *la, las = feminine  The gender of nouns must be learned, but generally… *nouns that end in o are masculine (os plural). *nouns that end in a are feminine (as plural). *nouns that end in ción are feminine. *no trick to remember nouns that end in a consonant. *some nouns are both masc. and fem.: el estudiante la estudiante el modelo la modelo. el policía la policía  Remember there are rule breakers, so you must memorize vocabulary words with their correct article. * el mapa el programa el poema

Singular / Plural When nouns identify one item they are: singular: la galleta (cookie) When they identify more than one item, they are: plural: las galletas (cookies) To make a noun plural… Add “s” if it ends in a vowel. el libro = los libros Add “es” if it ends in a consonant. la mujer = las mujeres Also, remember to change the article to the plural form: el los la las A few nouns will always be singular or plural: La ropa (clothing / clothes) (generally singular). Los jeans (always plural). Los pantalones (always plural). Las vacaciones (always plural).

Gender & Number In Spanish, the definite article defines something (THE book, not just any book). It matches the noun it accompanies in gender and number. Gender is randomly assigned to each noun and you CAN NOT change it. For example, if the article is “el”, the word is masculine and you can’t change it to “la” and make it feminine. Gender does not always logically match the word. For example: dress is masculine (el vestido). Thus, you need to memorize the gender of each noun by memorizing its definite article. (masculine, singular) el chico the boy (masculine, plural) los chicos the boys (feminine, singular) la chica the girl (feminine, plural) las chicas the girls

Uses of Definite Articles A definite article is used in Spanish whenever “the” is used in English (though there are some exceptions). Also use a definite article: With abstract nouns and nouns that refer to concepts, rather than tangible items. (ex: La ciencia es importante. = Science is important). Titles of people (ex: El Presidente Obama vive el la casa blanca. La Señora Fragel es mi maestra.) (note the article isn’t used when addressing a person. Ex: “Hola, Señora Fragel.”) Before days of the week. Before verbs used as subjects of the sentence use the article “el”. (Ex: El escribir es difícil.) With a series of nouns joined by “and”. (Ex: Necesito el lapíz y el papel para clase.)

Indefinite Articles: un, una, unos, unas un, una, unos, unas = a, an, some A noun may sometimes appear with an indefinite article (because it is not defined, it could be a boy...any boy). The indefinite article that accompanies a noun will also match its gender and number. Masculino singular un chico (a boy) plural unos chicos (some boys) singular una chica ( a girl) plural unas chicas (some girls) Feminina

You can tell which indefinite article to use based on the noun’s definite article. Definite Indefinite el un el sombrero = un sombrero. los unos los jeans = unos jeans. la una la chaqueta = una chaqueta. las unas las faldas = unas faldas.

¿Cómo se dice en español? a book the books some books the girl a neighbor (m.) some neighbors (f) a friend (m.) some friends (f.) the friend (f.) some houses un libro los libros unos libros la chica un vecino (m.) unas vecinas (f) un amigo unas amigas la amiga (f.) unas casas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

¿Cómo se dice en español? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. the book the books the house the houses the neighbor (m.) the neighbors (f.) the boy the girls the woman the women the students (m.) the teachers (f) the doctors (f) the family the dog the hats el libro los libros la casa las casas el vecino las vecinas el chico las chicas la mujer las mujeres los estudiantes las profesoras las doctoras la familia el perro los sombreros

¿Cómo se dice en español? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. a book some books a house some houses a hat some hats a girl some boys a man some men a woman some cats (m.) some dogs (f.) some shoes a dress some dresses un libro unos libros una casa unas casas un sombrero unos sombreros una chica unos chicos un hombre unos hombres una mujer unos gatos unas perras unos zapatos un vestido unos vestidos

¿Cómo se dice en español? un libro azul unos libros rojos unas faldas rojas unas chicas bonitas el chico guapo unos maestros simpáticos un maestro simpático el maestro guapo la chica rubia el chico bajo a blue book some red books some red skirts some pretty girls the handsome boy some nice teachers a nice teacher the handsome teacher the blond girl the short boy