Gramática Avancemos II

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Gramática Avancemos II UNIDAD 6

Affirmative “tú” commands, p. 315 Used to tell someone to do something Regular “tú” commands are the same as the “él, ella, usted” form of the verb in the present tense.

Regular affirmative “tú” commands Present tense: Pedro escribe el guión y filma la película. Affirmative “tú” command: Escribe el guión y filma la película.

Irregular affirmative “tú” commands hacer > Haz un documental. = Make a documentary. ir > Ve al cine. = Go to the movie theater. ser > ¡Sé bueno! = Be good!

“yo”-based irregular “tú” commands “yo” form “tú” command decir digo di poner pongo pon salir salgo sal tener tengo ten venir vengo ven

Pronouns with affirmative “tú” commands Attach pronouns to affirmative commands. Dime. = Tell me. Add an accent to show stress on commands with two or more syllables. Preséntanos a la directora. = Introduce us to the director.

Negative “tú” commands, p. 320 Similar to negative “usted” commands Use the “yo” form of verbs in the present tense. “-ar” verbs = “-o” changes to “-es” “-er”, “-ir” verbs = “-o” changes to “-as”

Regular negative “tú” commands, p. 320 Infinitive Present tense Negative “tú” commands mirar yo miro ¡No mires esa película! (Don’t watch that film!) poner yo pongo ¡No pongas el libro allí! (Don’t put the book there!) escribir yo escribo ¡No escribas otra escena! (Don’t write another scene!)

Negative commands with “-car”, “-gar”, “_zar” verbs tocar > no toques (c > qu) jugar > no juegues (g > gu) almorzar > no almuerces (z > c)

Irregular negative “tú” commands dar no des estar no estés ir no vayas saber no sepas ser no seas

Pronouns with negative “tú” commands Pronouns appear BEFORE the verb. ¿Ves esta cámara? No se la des. = Do you see this camera? Don’t give it to her. No me lo digas. = Don’t tell me (it)!

Present subjunctive with “Ojalá” p. 339 This is a way to express a hope or wish. “Ojalá que…” requires a special verb form. Use the “usted” command form construction. “-ar” verbs = “-e” endings “-er” verbs = “-a” endings

Present subjunctive with regular verbs p. 339 hablar tener escribir yo hable tenga escriba tú hables tengas escribas él, ella, usted nosotros(as) hablemos tengamos escribamos vosotros(as) habléis tengáis escribáis ellos, ellas, ustedes hablen tengan escriban

FACT: Ganamos un premio hoy. HOPE: ¡Ojalá que ganemos un premio hoy!

Stem-changing “-ar” and “-er” verbs, p. 339 pensar (e > ie) poder (o > ue) piense pensemos pienses penséis piensen pueda podamos puedas podáis puedan *Stem-changing “-ar” and “-er” verbs in the present tense also change in the subjunctive.

Present subjunctive of “-car”, “-gar”, “-zar” verbs p. 341 sacar “c” becomes> “qu” = saque, saques, … pagar “g” becomes> “gu” = pague, pagues, … empezar “z” becomes> “c” = empiece, empieces,…

More subjunctive verbs with “ojalá” p. 344 dar estar ir saber ser dé esté vaya sepa sea des estés vayas sepas seas demos estemos vayamos sepamos seamos deis estéis vayáis sepáis seáis den estén vayan sepan sean *Ojalá que vayan a la gala. = I hope they go to the gala.

Stem-changing “-ir” verbs in the subjunctive, p. 344 pedir “e”>”i” preferir “e” > “ie”, “i” dormir “o”> “ue”, “u” pida prefiera duerma pidas prefieras duermas pidamos prefiramos durmamos pidáis prefiráis durmáis pidan prefieran duerman

Subjunctive with impersonal expressions As they indicate an uncertainty/opinion, these expressions require the subjunctive after ‘que’ Es importante que + subjunctive Es necesario que + subjunctive Es preferible que + subjunctive Es bueno que + subjunctive Es malo que + subjunctive *Subjunctive of “hay” = “haya”