ESPAÑOL 5: LA VOZ PASIVA SER Y POR

FÓRMULA  Subject + (a form of) SER + past participle + POR + agent of action  THE TENSE OF SER CAN VARY DEPENDING UPON THE GRAMMATICAL SITUATION  Subject + (a form of) SER + past participle + POR + agent of action  THE TENSE OF SER CAN VARY DEPENDING UPON THE GRAMMATICAL SITUATION

EJEMPLOS  La novela FUE escrita POR un autor mexicano.  En inglés: The novel WAS written BY a Mexican author.

EJEMPLOS  La clase de la Sra. Hoffman ES limpiada POR Carl.  En inglés: Sra. Hoffman’s class IS cleaned BY Carl.  La clase de la Sra. Hoffman ES limpiada POR Carl.  En inglés: Sra. Hoffman’s class IS cleaned BY Carl.

 El gobierno DA mucho dinero a las víctimas del desastre.  DA is present indicative  Mucho dinero ES DADO POR el gobierno a las víctimas del desastre.  Keep present indicative of ser for passive sentence.  Mucho dinero ES DADO POR el gobierno a las víctimas del desastre.  Keep present indicative of ser for passive sentence. ACTIVE VS. PASSIVE

CONVERTING AN ACTIVE SENTENCE TO A PASSIVE SENTENCE  Active: My mom reads the newspaper every morning.  Passive: The newspaper is read by my mom every morning.  **The direct object from the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence.  The subject from the active sentence becomes the agent in the passive sentence.  Active: My mom reads the newspaper every morning.  Passive: The newspaper is read by my mom every morning.  **The direct object from the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence.  The subject from the active sentence becomes the agent in the passive sentence.

CONVERTING: ACTIVE TO PASSIVE  When converting active to passive:  Identify the subject and direct object. They will switch places.  Look at the verb tense. It must carry over to the passive sentence (to the verb ser).  Form the past participle for the infinitive verb in the active sentence. It must agree in gender and number with the subject before it (it’s being used as an adjective).  When converting active to passive:  Identify the subject and direct object. They will switch places.  Look at the verb tense. It must carry over to the passive sentence (to the verb ser).  Form the past participle for the infinitive verb in the active sentence. It must agree in gender and number with the subject before it (it’s being used as an adjective).

PRÁCTICA  Mi madre traduce la carta.  My mom translates the letter.  La carta ES traducida POR mi madre.  The letter is translated by my mom.  The verb tense for SER is determined by the verb in the active sentence.  The past participle must agree in gender and number with the new subject.

Decir – dicho Hacer – hecho Abrir – abierto Cubrir – cubierto Poner – puesto Devolver – devuelto Escribir – escrito Ver – visto Romper – roto Morir – muerto Imprimir - impreso Oír – oído -aer & -eer verbs: ído PARTICIPIOS PASADOS IRREGULARES

OPTIONS OF SER IN FRONT OF THE PAST PARTICIPLE If active verb is in present:: Es or son If active verb is in preterite: fue or fueron If active verb is in imperfect: era or eran If active verb is in future: será or serán