El pretérito Usa el pretérito para: talk about something that HAPPENED talk about a completed ACTION in the past Yo fui a la fiesta de María el fin de.

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Transcripción de la presentación:

El pretérito

Usa el pretérito para: talk about something that HAPPENED talk about a completed ACTION in the past Yo fui a la fiesta de María el fin de semana pasada.

Formation of pretérito (-ar verbs) é aste ó amos aron

Formation of pretérito (-er, -ir verbs) í iste ió imos ieron

A. Cambios Ortográficos Spelling changes to preserve sound have spelling change in yo form only Verbs ending in… -car : c  qué -gar : g  gué -zar : z  cé

ex.: tocar toqué tocaste tocó tocamos tocaron

ex.: llegar llegué llegaste llegó llegamos llegaron

ex.: comenzar comencé comenzaste comenzó comenzamos comenzaron

B. Cambios Radicales : (stem change) Reglas: 1.–ar & -er stem change verbs will not change in the preterit 2.Only certain –ir verbs stem change a) vowel changes are: o –uand e-i b) Changes occur only in 3 rd person singular & plural forms Dormir -dormí -dormimos -dormiste él-durmió ellos - durmieron

Vocales Dobles (double vowel) Verbs consisting of 2 vowels before the “r” ex: leer creer Rules: 1. Change vowel i—y in 3 rd singular & plural 2. All forms carry written accents accept 3 rd plural. Leer leí leímos leíste leyó leyeron Note: it is not ieron

Grupo II: Raices especiales A. Each of these has a special preterit stem - i stem- uv stem- j stem - u stem hacer venir tener estar traer decir poder poner B.The ending added to these are: yo- enosotors - imos tú - iste él - oellos - ieron C. These preterite forms have no accents!

i - stem venir vine viniste vino vinimos vinieron uv - stem estar estuve estuviste estuvo estuvimos estuvieron j - stem decir dije dijiste dijo dijimos dijeron u - stem poner puse pusiste puso pusimos pusieron

Los verbos irregulares importantes hacer ( to do, to make ) estar ( to be ) ser ( to be ) ir ( to go )

hacer hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicieron

estar estuve estuviste estuvo estuvimos estuvieron

Ser & ir fui fuiste fue fuimos fueron

Preterito Irregular : Those with special preterite stems

Vocabulario del Preterito ayer anteayer pasado - año pasado - el verano pasado - la semana pasada anoche yesterday the day before yesterday last/past last year last summer last week last night

El Imperfecto The Other Past Tense Used to describe ongoing past action (No defined end or beginning)

The imperfecto is used to… to say what “used to” happen talk about habitual actions to describe in the past

-ar imperfecto endings aba abas aba ábamos abais aban

-er, -ir imperfecto endings ía ías ía íamos íais ían

Ir iba ibas iba íbamos iban veía veías veía veíamos veían VerSer era eras era eramos eran

pretérito vs. imperfecto—Summarize in your own words before the quiz _________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

ser vs. estar

ser and estar both mean: to be in English

BOP and FLING BOP is for ser FLING is for estar

BOP = ser Basic descriptions Origen Professions

FLING = estar Feelings Locations ING (in front of -ando, - iendo

¿ser o estar? I’m happy now = estar I’m a happy person = ser

¿ser o estar? I’m in Toledo = estar I’m from New York = ser

¿ser o estar? My mom’s a teacher = ser My mom’s tired = estar

Practica ¿Ser o Estar? 1.Juan _____________ en la oficina del Sr. Caughie. 2. Mi madre no ____________ feliz hoy. 3. ¿Qué hora _______? _____ las dos de la tarde. 4. La comida ___________ muy deliciosa. 5. Mi novio ___________ muy guapo e inteligente.

ser vs. estar—Summarize in your own words before the quiz _________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

Pronouns

Subjects - sujetos DO the action of the verb Ejemplo: Mi tía hace crucrigramas sujeto

Objects (complementos) RECEIVE the action of the verb Mi tia hace crucigramas. sujetocomplemento

Subject Pronouns yo (I) tú (you) él, ( he) ella, ( she ) Ud. (you formal) nosotros/as (we) ellos, (they) ellas, (they) Uds. (you all)

Reflexive Pronouns used when speaker does something to him/herself me te se nos os se

Reflexive pronouns (ejemplo) Elena se levanta a las ocho cada mañana. Elena gets up at 8:00 each morning.

Direct object pronouns 1-2

¿Qué son estos? Replace the noun in the sentence Instead of: I buy the shirt. I buy it.

In Spanish… singularplural Lo La Los Las it him her them

Todos los complementos directos menos te lolos lala s

Frases I sweep the floor. Barro el piso. Lo barro. I sweep it.

Barro los pisos. Los barro. I sweep them. I sweep the floors

I make the bed. Hago la cama. La hago. I make it.

I make the beds. Hago las camas. Las hago. I make them

Practica

Cambia la frase usando un complimento directo Yo como la comida en la cafetería. Yo __________ como.

Mi hermano lava nuestro carro hoy. Mi hermano _________ lava.

¿Vas a llamar a su novio hoy?. Sí, ______voy a llamar.

Indirect object pronouns 1-2

A. Indirect Objects: Tell to whom or for whom something is done. Ex. John gives the gift to Mary. To whom does John give the gift? To Mary therefore, Mary is the indirect object Juan le da el regalo a Mary. I.O.P I.O.

B. Indirect Object Pronouns: me (a mí) to/ for me nos ( a nosotros /as ) to/for us te (a ti) to/ for you le } (a él) to/for him les } ( a ellos ) to/for them (a ella) to/ for her (a ellas) (a Ud.) to /for you (a Uds.)

Note: in Spanish the indirect object is expressed twice in the same sentence IOP’s : C. Accompany or replace indirect object nouns Ex: Le digo la verdad a Jesus. I tell Jesus the truth. D. To clarify le or les: a + name = a Mary a + noun = a mi prima a + pronoun = a él, ella, ellos, etc. ex: Le escribo la carta a Juan.

D. Position of Indirect Object Pronouns: 1. Come before conjugated verbs Te presto un lapíz. 2. Are attached to infinitives: Voy a prestarte un lapíz. 3. Attached to a gerund: Estoy prestandote un lapíz. *** Remember you can always put them *** directly before the conjugated verb. Te estoy prestando un lapíz.

Repaso de todo: Reflexive me te se nos se Indirect me te le nos les Direct me te lo/la nos los/las

Remember to R-I-D yourself of your doubts Reflexive Indirect Direct

Ejemplos: ¿ Me lo trae, por favor? Bring it to me, please Te lo compré. I bought it for you.

Where do pronouns go? 1. Attached to infinitives and positive commands. Voy a traérselas a ella. I’m going to bring them to her. Préstamelo, por favor. Give me it, please

Where do pronouns go?. Before conjugated verbs and negative commands. 2.. Before conjugated verbs and negative commands. Me lo dijiste a mi. You said it to me. Chico, no nos lo digas a nosotros. Chico, don’t tell it to us.

Where do pronouns go? 2. Before conjugated verbs and negative commands. Se lo dijiste a él. You said it to him. Chico, no se lo digas. Chico, don’t tell him.