Aim: How do scientists use biotechnology to manipulate genomes? Objetivo: ¿Cómo los científicos utilizan biotecnología para manipular genomas?

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Transcripción de la presentación:

Aim: How do scientists use biotechnology to manipulate genomes? Objetivo: ¿Cómo los científicos utilizan biotecnología para manipular genomas?

What is a Gene? Que es un gen? A gene is a sequence of DNA on a chromosome that codes for one protein./ Un gen es una secuencia de AND en una cromosoma que codifica una sola proteina. ** NOTE: not all of the DNA codes for proteins. The parts that do are called genes, the parts that don’t are called non-coding regions. Hay partes del ADN que no codifican proteinas.

What is a genome? Complete set of an organism’s genetic material. The Chromosomes, DNA, & the Genes which are all found in the Nucleus. Toda la informacion genetica de un organismo se encuentra en la cromosomas/ ADN/ Genes que estan localizados en el nucleo

Human Genome Project: In 1990, advances in DNA technology enabled scientists to completely sequence the human genome. A rough draft was complete in El proyecto del genoma humano identifico la secuencia de los genes humanos. La primera secuencia fue completada en el 2000.

Human Genome Project Scientists studied and mapped the human genome (determined the entire nucleotide sequence of DNA). Los científicos estudiaron y trazaron el genoma humano (determinaron la secuencia nucleotídica completa del ADN). Karyotype Kariotipo

Steps of the Human Genome Project: 1)Sequence the DNA (order of the bases). 2) Regions of DNA that code for proteins (genes) must be distinguished from non-coding regions. 3) The functions of the resulting proteins must be determined. 4) Develop a map of the human genome. Pasos del proyecto del genoma humano: 1)Establecer la secuencia de las bases del ADN. 2)Establecer secciones compuestas por genes. 3)Determinar las funciones de las proteinas. 4)Trazar un mapa del genoma humano

Why is this so important? 1)Comparing human sequences with those from other species provide insight into evolutionary relationships. 2)Identifying genes will aid in diagnosing, treating,& preventing common ailments. Porque es tan importante? 1)Comparar las secuencias humanas con las secuencias de otras especias provee informacion acerca de las relaciones evolutivas. 2)Identificar los genes puede ayudar a diagnosticar, tratar y prevenir dolencias comunes.

What is biotechnology? The use of organisms to perform practical tasks for humans. The branch of biotechnology where scientists actually manipulate (alter) the genomes of organisms at the molecular level. What is DNA technology? La biotecnologia es el uso de organismos que realizar tareas para los seres humanos La tecnologia de ADN es una rama en la cual los cientificos alteran y manipulan el genoma de los organismos a nivel molecular.

Why would altering DNA affect our characteristics/traits? DNA codes for the proteins that determine our traits. Cuando se altera el ADN, se alteran las proteinas que determinan las caracteristicas fisicas.

What are some examples of DNA Technology? Cloning DNA Fingerprinting Recombinant DNA GMO Gene therapy