The Imperfect Subjunctive

Presentación del tema: "The Imperfect Subjunctive"— Transcripción de la presentación:

1 The Imperfect Subjunctive
(El imperfecto de subjuntivo) El senador no permitió que hablaran los otros senadores. ¿Qué pasó en el senado?

2 How the imperfect subjunctive is formed
3/24/2017 How the imperfect subjunctive is formed 1. Start with the 3rd person plural (“aron, ieron”) form of the verb in the preterit tense: hablaron vendieron escribieron If you start with the 3rd person plural and you know your preterit verbs, there are no irregular forms, that is, there is no verb that does not follow the rule.

3 How the imperfect subjunctive is formed
3/24/2017 How the imperfect subjunctive is formed 1. Start with the 3rd person plural (“aron, ieron”) form of the verb in the preterit tense: 2. Drop the -ron ending. habla ron vendie ron escribie ron 3. Add the following endings for all three conjugations: -ra -ramos -ras -rais -ra -ran

4 How the imperfect subjunctive is formed
3/24/2017 How the imperfect subjunctive is formed Examples: Note that -er and -ir forms are identical. hablar hablara hablaras habláramos hablarais hablaran vender vendiera vendieras vendiéramos vendierais vendieran escribir escribiera escribieras escribiéramos escribierais escribieran Note also that first- and third-person singular forms are the same, and that all nosotros forms must carry a written accent.

5 How the imperfect subjunctive is formed
3/24/2017 How the imperfect subjunctive is formed Notice these alternate forms: hablar hablase hablases hablásemos hablaseis hablasen vender vendiese vendieses vendiésemos vendieseis vendiesen escribir escribiese escribieses escribiésemos escribieseis escribiesen Everything that applies to the -ra forms applies also to the -se forms; however, the latter are more literary and are used more often in Spain than elsewhere.

6 3/24/2017 The following chart shows the imperfect subjunctive forms of some common regular and irregular verbs. Infinitive Third-person plural First-person singular Preterit Imperfect subjunctive tomar tomaron tomara beber bebieron bebiera escribir escribieron escribiera creer creyeron creyera decir dijeron dijera estar estuvieron estuviera haber hubieron hubiera ir fueron fuera leer leyeron leyera

7 3/24/2017 The following chart shows the imperfect subjunctive forms of some common regular and irregular verbs. Infinitive Third-person plural First-person singular Preterit Imperfect subjunctive poder pudieron pudiera poner pusieron pusiera querer quisieron quisiera saber supieron supiera ser fueron fuera tener tuvieron tuviera traer trajeron trajera venir vinieron viniera

8 How the imperfect subjunctive is used
The same principles that are applied in the present to determine whether to use the subjunctive or the indicative are also used in the past. If the main clause expresses . . . 1. Cause or prevention. 2. Personal bias or emotion. 3. Falseness or unreality. . . . the subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause.

9 How the imperfect subjunctive is used
The past subjunctive is also always used after the following phrases (and a few other similar ones), just as with the present subjunctive. E en caso de que (in case) S sin que (without, unless) C con tal (de) que (provided that) A antes (de) que (before) P para que (so that, in order that) A a menos que (unless)

10 How the imperfect subjunctive is used
The tense of the verb in the main clause normally determines whether to use the present or imperfect subjunctive in the subordinate clause. If the verb in the main clause is in the . . . the present subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause. present, future, or present perfect

11 How the imperfect subjunctive is used
The tense of the verb in the main clause normally determines whether to use the present or imperfect subjunctive in the subordinate clause. If the verb in the main clause is in the . . . preterit, the imperfect subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause. imperfect, conditional, or pluperfect

12 How the imperfect subjunctive is used
If the verb in the main clause is in the . . . present, The present subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause. future, or present perfect Examples: present present Insisto en que Tomás me ayude. I insist that Tomás help me. present future Insistiré en que Tomás me ayude. I will insist that Tomás help me. present present He insistido en que Tomás me ayude. perfect I have insisted that Tomás help me.

13 How the imperfect subjunctive is used
If the verb in the main clause is in the . . . preterit, The imperfect subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause. imperfect, conditional, or pluperfect Examples: imperfect preterit Insistí en que Tomás me ayudara. I insisted that Tomás help me. imperfect imperfect Insistía en que Tomás me ayudara. I (always) insisted that Tomás help me. imperfect conditional Insistiría en que Tomás me ayudara. I would insist that Tomás help me. imperfect Había insistido en que Tomás me ayudara. pluperfect I had insisted that Tomás help me.

14 How the imperfect subjunctive is used
More examples of the imperfect subjunctive: Notice that the use of the preterit or imperfect in the main clause calls for the imperfect subjunctive in the subordinate clause. Era importante que leyera mi horóscopo. It was important for me to read my horoscope. La meteoróloga insistió en que todos se refugiaran de la tempestad. The meteorologist insisted that everyone take cover from the storm.

15 How the imperfect subjunctive is used
More examples of the imperfect subjunctive: Remember that a written accent is required on the first-person plural of the imperfect subjunctive forms. El periodista quería que arregláramos la sala para la entrevista. The journalist wanted us to arrange the living room for the interview. Era dudoso que contratáramos a aquel comentarista. It was doubtful that we would hire that commentator. El gobierno prohibió que pusiéramos esa información en el artículo. The government prohibited us from putting that information in the article.

16 How the imperfect subjunctive is used
The imperfect subjunctive is required under the same conditions as the present subjunctive. However, the imperfect subjunctive is used to refer to events that were incomplete in relation to a past event. Compare the sentences below to the time line. Present Past Future dudar controlar pedir haber El reportero dudaba que controlaran el incendio. The reporter doubted that they would control the fire. Los televidentes pidieron que hubiera más programas serios. The TV viewers asked for there to be more serious shows.

17 How the imperfect subjunctive is used
Use the imperfect subjunctive with ojalá when it means I wish (that). ¡Ojalá (que) el patrocinador seleccionara mi guión! I wish the sponsor would choose my script! ¡Ojalá (que) no cancelaran mi serie favorita! I wish they wouldn’t cancel my favorite series!

18 How the imperfect subjunctive is used
EXPANSIÓN More on structure and usage Peticiones con el imperfecto de subjuntivo A common use of the imperfect subjunctive is to make polite requests or statements. In such cases, the forms of the verbs querer, poder, and deber are used. Note the following examples. Quisiera leer los anuncios clasificados. I would like to read the classified ads. ¿Pudieras prestarme la sección deportiva? Could you lend me the sports section? Debiéramos ir al concurso. We should go to the game show.

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